大家好,
我正在纠结于一个无法理解的Python日志配置问题。
假设我已经安装了以下软件包:
mypackage/
data/mypackage.logging.conf
module1.py
module2.py
scripts/main.py
脚本既可以交互式使用,也可以从Crontab运行,我有以下要求:
禁止使用print语句,所有内容都通过logging进行输出;
使用
timedRotatingFileHandler
记录日志,级别始终为DEBUG;使用
mailinglogger.SummarisingLogger
记录日志,级别始终为INFO;将日志记录到控制台,级别默认为INFO,或可通过命令行选项覆盖。
问题在于,我可以通过命令行更改日志级别,并相应更改控制台日志级别,但其他处理程序也会改变,这不是我想要的...:-/
在日志配置文件中,我不确定根记录器的级别、其他记录器的级别和处理程序级别设置之间的优先级。
以下是一些示例代码。任何线索将不胜感激:-)
# mypackage/data/mypackage.logging.conf
[loggers]
root,mypackage
[handlers]
keys=consoleHandler,timedRotatingFileHandler,summarisingHandler
[formatters]
keys=simpleFormatter,consoleFormatter,mypackageFormatter
[logger_root]
#level=INFO
handlers=consoleHandler
[logger_mypackage]
#level=INFO
handlers=timedRotatingFileHandler,summarisingHandler
qualname=mypackage
[handler_consoleHandler]
class=StreamHandler
#level=INFO
formatter=consoleFormatter
args=(sys.stdout,)
[handler_timedRotatingFileHandler]
class=logging.handlers.TimedRotatingFileHandler
level=DEBUG
formatter=mypackageFormatter
args=('mypackage.log', 'M', 1, 5)
[handler_summarisingHandler]
class=mailinglogger.SummarisingLogger
level=INFO
formatter=mypackageFormatter
args=('mypackage@someserver.somewhere.com', ('mypackage-alerts@somewhere.com',), 'relay.somewhere.com')
#mypackage/scripts/main.py:
import logging
import logging.config
import os
import sys
import mypackage.module1
import mypackage.module2
logging.config.fileConfig('data/mypackage.logging.conf')
log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
if __name__ == '__main__':
loglevel = 'INFO'
if len(sys.argv) > 1:
loglevel = sys.argv[1].upper()
logging.getLogger('').setLevel(getattr(logging, loglevel))
# or logging.getLogger('mypackage').setLevel(getattr(logging, loglevel)) ?
mypackage.module1.do_something()
mypackage.module2.do_something_else()
#mypackage/module1.py:
import logging
log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
log.addHandler(NullHandler())
def do_something():
log.debug("some debug message from:" + __name__)
log.info("some info message from:" + __name__)
log.error("some error message from:" + __name__)
#mypackage/module2.py:
import logging
log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
log.addHandler(NullHandler())
def do_something_else():
log.debug("some debug message from:" + __name__)
log.info("some info message from:" + __name__)
log.error("some error message from:" + __name__)
更新 1
与此同时,我发现了这个答案并成功地以这种方式修改了我的代码:
#mypackage/scripts/main.py:
import logging
import logging.config
import os
import sys
import mailinglogger
import mypackage.module1
import mypackage.module2
def main():
# get the console log level from the command-line
loglevel = 'INFO'
if len(sys.argv) > 1:
loglevel = sys.argv[1].upper()
# create formatters
simple_formatter = logging.Formatter("%(name)s:%(levelname)s: %(message)s")
detailed_formatter = logging.Formatter("%(asctime)s %(name)s[%(process)d]: %(levelname)s - %(message)s")
# get a top-level "mypackage" logger,
# set its log level to DEBUG,
# BUT PREVENT IT from propagating messages to the root logger
#
log = logging.getLogger('mypackage')
log.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
log.propagate = 0
# create a console handler
# and set its log level to the command-line option
#
console_handler = logging.StreamHandler(sys.stdout)
console_handler.setLevel(getattr(logging, loglevel))
console_handler.setFormatter(simple_formatter)
# create a file handler
# and set its log level to DEBUG
#
file_handler = logging.handlers.TimedRotatingFileHandler('mypackage.log', 'M', 1, 5)
file_handler.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
file_handler.setFormatter(detailed_formatter)
# create a mail handler
# and set its log level to INFO
#
mail_handler = mailinglogger.SummarisingLogger(
'mypackage@someserver.somewhere.com', ('mypackage-alerts@somewhere.com',), 'relay.somewhere.com')
mail_handler.setLevel(logging.INFO)
mail_handler.setFormatter(detailed_formatter)
# add handlers to the "mypackage" logger
#
log.addHandler(console_handler)
log.addHandler(file_handler)
log.addHandler(mail_handler)
# let the modules do their stuff
# and log to the "mypackage.module1" and "mypackage.module2" loggers
#
mypackage.module1.do_something()
mypackage.module2.do_something_else()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
现在,我将尝试将其翻译成日志配置文件...
更新2
以下是我发现的最佳日志配置和代码组合。
在mypackage.logging.conf文件中,"mypackage"记录器被设置为:
- 仅使用文件和电子邮件处理程序进行设置;
- 其传播被设置为false;
- 其级别设置为DEBUG;
- 而文件和电子邮件处理程序分别设置为INFO和DEBUG。
#mypackage/data/mypackage.logging.conf
[loggers]
keys=root,mypackage
[handlers]
keys=consoleHandler,timedRotatingFileHandler,summarisingHandler
[formatters]
keys=simpleFormatter,consoleFormatter,mypackageFormatter
[logger_root]
#level=INFO
handlers=consoleHandler
[logger_mypackage]
level=DEBUG
handlers=timedRotatingFileHandler,summarisingHandler
qualname=mypackage
propagate=0
[handler_consoleHandler]
class=StreamHandler
#level=INFO
formatter=consoleFormatter
args=(sys.stdout,)
[handler_timedRotatingFileHandler]
class=logging.handlers.TimedRotatingFileHandler
level=DEBUG
formatter=mypackageFormatter
args=('mypackage.log', 'M', 1, 5)
[handler_summarisingHandler]
class=mailinglogger.SummarisingLogger
level=INFO
formatter=mypackageFormatter
args=('mypackage@someserver.somewhere.com', ('mypackage-alerts@somewhere.com',), 'relay.somewhere.com')
[formatter_consoleFormatter]
format=%(levelname)s: %(message)s
datefmt=
[formatter_mypackageFormatter]
format=%(asctime)s %(name)s[%(process)d]: %(levelname)s - %(message)s
datefmt=
在脚本中:1. 读取日志配置; 2. 创建一个控制台格式化程序; 3. 使用命令行选项中的日志级别创建一个控制台处理程序,然后将其添加到“mypackage”记录器中。
import logging
import logging.config
import os
import sys
import mypackage.module1
import mypackage.module2
def setup_logging(loglevel):
#
# load logging config from file
#
logging.config.fileConfig('data/mypackage.logging.conf')
# (re-)create formatter
console_formatter = logging.Formatter("%(name)s:%(levelname)s: %(message)s")
# create a console handler
# and set its log level to the command-line option
#
console_handler = logging.StreamHandler(sys.stdout)
console_handler.setFormatter(console_formatter)
console_handler.setLevel(getattr(logging, loglevel))
# add console handler to the pre-configured "mypackage" logger
#
logger = logging.getLogger('mypackage')
logger.addHandler(console_handler)
def main():
# get the console log level from the command-line
loglevel = 'INFO'
if len(sys.argv) > 1:
loglevel = sys.argv[1].upper()
# load logging config and setup console handler
#
setup_logging(loglevel)
# log from the script to the "mypackage.scripts.main" logger
#
log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
log.debug("some debug message from:" + __name__)
log.info("some info message from:" + __name__)
log.error("some error message from:" + __name__)
# let the modules do their stuff
# and log to the "mypackage.module1" and "mypackage.module2" loggers
#
mypackage.module1.do_something()
mypackage.module2.do_something_else()
if __name__== '__main__':
main()
如果在从配置文件加载处理程序时可以通过名称“寻址”,那么事情就会更简单。然后,我们可以在配置文件中设置mypackage控制台处理程序,并像这样在代码中更改其日志级别:
def setup_logging(loglevel):
logging.config.fileConfig('data/mypackage.logging.conf')
logger = logging.getLogger('mypackage')
console_handler = logger.getHandler('consoleHandler')
console_handler.setLevel(getattr(logging, loglevel))
不需要重新创建格式化程序,因为......
(最后更新:是的,我知道https://docs.python.org/3/library/logging.config.html#incremental-configuration,但在这种情况下,我被困在Python 2.6中...:-))
logging.warn("foo")
应该作为DEBUG
被转储到文件处理程序中,还是不被文件处理程序记录? - Dima Tisnek