如何让网页头部不随着页面一起滚动?我想过使用frameset
和iframe
,但想知道是否有更简单、用户友好的方法。请问最佳实践是什么?
如何让网页头部不随着页面一起滚动?我想过使用frameset
和iframe
,但想知道是否有更简单、用户友好的方法。请问最佳实践是什么?
注意:此答案发布于2010年。请参考另一个答案中提到的2021年的position: sticky
。
在包含头部的
position: fixed
,类似于:
#header {
position: fixed;
}
#content {
margin-top: 100px;
}
#content
从#header
下方100像素开始时,但随着用户滚动,#header
保持不变。当两个div
之间的关系,您可能需要在 #header
中添加 margin-top: -100px;
,以使其回到您想要的位置。 - rymoposition: fixed
会有效地将其从流中移除,这意味着对于其他元素来说,它不再占用任何空间。你要找的是 position: sticky
,但不幸的是它目前还没有得到广泛的浏览器支持。 - Yi Jiangposition: sticky;
在现代、支持的浏览器中,您可以通过CSS轻松实现此功能 -
header {
position: sticky;
top: 0;
z-index: 999;
}
position: sticky
比使用position: fixed
更好,因为position: fixed
会将元素从常规元素流中移出。position: sticky
时,HTML结构很重要,因为它使元素相对于父元素粘性。而且,单独使一个元素粘性可能无法起作用。
2. 使元素具有粘性的父元素不应设置overflow
属性。例如:如果父元素具有overflow: auto
或overflow: hidden
,则粘性定位可能无法工作。
3. 至少给出top
、bottom
、left
、right
中的一个是重要的,因为它使元素相对于某个位置具有粘性。main {
padding: 0;
}
header {
position: sticky;
top:0;
padding:40px;
background: lightblue;
text-align: center;
}
content > div {
height: 50px;
}
<main>
<header>
This is my header
</header>
<content>
<div>Some content 1</div>
<div>Some content 2</div>
<div>Some content 3</div>
<div>Some content 4</div>
<div>Some content 5</div>
<div>Some content 6</div>
<div>Some content 7</div>
<div>Some content 8</div>
</content>
</main>
position: sticky
对您不起作用,我建议您查看 https://university.webflow.com/lesson/create-a-sticky-sidebar,该链接准确地指出了我的问题,原因是父元素的 overflow
设置。 - PaulH.header {
position: fixed;
top: 0;
left: 0;
width: 100%;
height: 88px;
z-index: 10;
background: #eeeeee;
-webkit-box-shadow: 0 7px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);
-moz-box-shadow: 0 7px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);
box-shadow: 0 7px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);
}
.header__content-text {
text-align: center;
padding: 15px 20px;
}
.page__content-container {
margin: 100px auto;
width: 975px;
padding: 30px;
}
<div class="header">
<h1 class="header__content-text">
Header content will come here
</h1>
</div>
<div class="page__content-container">
<div style="height:600px;">
<a href="http://imgur.com/k9hz3">
<img src="http://i.imgur.com/k9hz3.jpg" title="Hosted by imgur.com" alt="" />
</a>
</div>
<div style="height:600px;">
<a href="http://imgur.com/TXuFQ">
<img src="http://i.imgur.com/TXuFQ.jpg" title="Hosted by imgur.com" alt="" />
</a>
</div>
</div>
body{
margin-top:100px;
}
这里有一个使用CSS + jQuery(JavaScript)的解决方案。
这里是演示链接 Demo
//html
<div id="uberbar">
<a href="#top">Top of Page</a>
<a href="#bottom">Bottom of Page</a>
</div>
//css
#uberbar {
border-bottom:1px solid #eb7429;
background:#fc9453;
padding:10px 20px;
position:fixed;
top:0;
left:0;
z-index:2000;
width:100%;
}
//jquery
$(document).ready(function() {
(function() {
//settings
var fadeSpeed = 200, fadeTo = 0.5, topDistance = 30;
var topbarME = function() { $('#uberbar').fadeTo(fadeSpeed,1); }, topbarML = function() { $('#uberbar').fadeTo(fadeSpeed,fadeTo); };
var inside = false;
//do
$(window).scroll(function() {
position = $(window).scrollTop();
if(position > topDistance && !inside) {
//add events
topbarML();
$('#uberbar').bind('mouseenter',topbarME);
$('#uberbar').bind('mouseleave',topbarML);
inside = true;
}
else if (position < topDistance){
topbarME();
$('#uberbar').unbind('mouseenter',topbarME);
$('#uberbar').unbind('mouseleave',topbarML);
inside = false;
}
});
})();
});
在查看了所有答案后,我发现一种稍微不同的方法,只需设置正确的标题高度 #content
,最小化CSS和没有JS,在这种情况下为60px
CSS:
#header {
position: fixed;
width: 100%;
top: 0;
z-index: 10;
}
#content {
margin-top: 60px;
z-index:1;
}
HTML:
<body>
<div id="header" style="background-color:GRAY; text-align:center; border-bottom:1px SOLID BLACK; color:WHITE; line-height:50px; font-size:40px">
My Large Static Header
</div>
<div id="content">
<!-- All page content here -->
</div>
</body>
不需要使用定位、内边距/外边距并且不知道标题大小的情况下,有一种方法可以通过滚动来保持标题固定。
查看 这个 plunker 以获取具有固定标题的示例:
<html lang="en" style="height: 100%">
<body style="height: 100%">
<div style="height: 100%; overflow: hidden">
<div>Header</div>
<div style="height: 100%; overflow: scroll">Content - very long Content...
height: 100%
与overflow
混合使用。我个人需要一个表格,左侧和顶部标题始终可见。受到几篇文章的启发,我认为我有一个你可能会找到有用的好解决方案。 这个版本不会出现其他解决方案中使用浮动div或自适应列和行大小时遇到的换行问题。
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<title></title>
<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript" src="/Scripts/jquery-1.7.2.min.js"></script>
<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
// Handler for scrolling events
function scrollFixedHeaderTable() {
var outerPanel = $("#_outerPanel");
var cloneLeft = $("#_cloneLeft");
var cloneTop = $("#_cloneTop");
cloneLeft.css({ 'margin-top': -outerPanel.scrollTop() });
cloneTop.css({ 'margin-left': -outerPanel.scrollLeft() });
}
function initFixedHeaderTable() {
var outerPanel = $("#_outerPanel");
var innerPanel = $("#_innerPanel");
var clonePanel = $("#_clonePanel");
var table = $("#_table");
// We will clone the table 2 times: For the top rowq and the left column.
var cloneLeft = $("#_cloneLeft");
var cloneTop = $("#_cloneTop");
var cloneTop = $("#_cloneTopLeft");
// Time to create the table clones
cloneLeft = table.clone();
cloneTop = table.clone();
cloneTopLeft = table.clone();
cloneLeft.attr('id', '_cloneLeft');
cloneTop.attr('id', '_cloneTop');
cloneTopLeft.attr('id', '_cloneTopLeft');
cloneLeft.css({
position: 'fixed',
'pointer-events': 'none',
top: outerPanel.offset().top,
'z-index': 1 // keep lower than top-left below
});
cloneTop.css({
position: 'fixed',
'pointer-events': 'none',
top: outerPanel.offset().top,
'z-index': 1 // keep lower than top-left below
});
cloneTopLeft.css({
position: 'fixed',
'pointer-events': 'none',
top: outerPanel.offset().top,
'z-index': 2 // higher z-index than the left and top to make the top-left header cell logical
});
// Add the controls to the control-tree
clonePanel.append(cloneLeft);
clonePanel.append(cloneTop);
clonePanel.append(cloneTopLeft);
// Keep all hidden: We will make the individual header cells visible in a moment
cloneLeft.css({ visibility: 'hidden' });
cloneTop.css({ visibility: 'hidden' });
cloneTopLeft.css({ visibility: 'hidden' });
// Make the lef column header cells visible in the left clone
$("#_cloneLeft td._hdr.__row").css({
visibility: 'visible',
});
// Make the top row header cells visible in the top clone
$("#_cloneTop td._hdr.__col").css({
visibility: 'visible',
});
// Make the top-left cell visible in the top-left clone
$("#_cloneTopLeft td._hdr.__col.__row").css({
visibility: 'visible',
});
// Clipping. First get the inner width/height by measuring it (normal innerWidth did not work for me)
var helperDiv = $('<div style="positions: absolute; top: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0; left: 0; height: 100%;"></div>');
outerPanel.append(helperDiv);
var innerWidth = helperDiv.width();
var innerHeight = helperDiv.height();
helperDiv.remove(); // because we dont need it anymore, do we?
// Make sure all the panels are clipped, or the clones will extend beyond them
outerPanel.css({ clip: 'rect(0px,' + String(outerPanel.width()) + 'px,' + String(outerPanel.height()) + 'px,0px)' });
// Clone panel clipping to prevent the clones from covering the outerPanel's scrollbars (this is why we use a separate div for this)
clonePanel.css({ clip: 'rect(0px,' + String(innerWidth) + 'px,' + String(innerHeight) + 'px,0px)' });
// Subscribe the scrolling of the outer panel to our own handler function to move the clones as needed.
$("#_outerPanel").scroll(scrollFixedHeaderTable);
}
$(document).ready(function () {
initFixedHeaderTable();
});
</script>
<style type="text/css">
* {
clip: rect font-family: Arial;
font-size: 16px;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
#_outerPanel {
margin: 0px;
padding: 0px;
position: absolute;
left: 50px;
top: 50px;
right: 50px;
bottom: 50px;
overflow: auto;
z-index: 1000;
}
#_innerPanel {
overflow: visible;
position: absolute;
}
#_clonePanel {
overflow: visible;
position: fixed;
}
table {
}
td {
white-space: nowrap;
border-right: 1px solid #000;
border-bottom: 1px solid #000;
padding: 2px 2px 2px 2px;
}
td._hdr {
color: Blue;
font-weight: bold;
}
td._hdr.__row {
background-color: #eee;
border-left: 1px solid #000;
}
td._hdr.__col {
background-color: #ddd;
border-top: 1px solid #000;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="_outerPanel">
<div id="_innerPanel">
<div id="_clonePanel"></div>
<table id="_table" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<thead id="_topHeader" style="background-color: White;">
<tr class="row">
<td class="_hdr __col __row">
</td>
<td class="_hdr __col">
TOP HEADER
</td>
<td class="_hdr __col">
TOP HEADER
</td>
<td class="_hdr __col">
TOP HEADER
</td>
<td class="_hdr __col">
TOP HEADER
</td>
<td class="_hdr __col">
TOP HEADER
</td>
<td class="_hdr __col">
TOP HEADER
</td>
<td class="_hdr __col">
TOP HEADER
</td>
<td class="_hdr __col">
TOP HEADER
</td>
<td class="_hdr __col">
TOP HEADER
</td>
<td class="_hdr __col">
TOP HEADER
</td>
<td class="_hdr __col">
TOP HEADER
</td>
<td class="_hdr __col">
TOP HEADER
</td>
<td class="_hdr __col">
TOP HEADER
</td>
<td class="_hdr __col">
TOP HEADER
</td>
<td class="_hdr __col">
TOP HEADER
</td>
<td class="_hdr __col">
TOP HEADER
</td>
<td class="_hdr __col">
TOP HEADER
</td>
<td class="_hdr __col">
TOP HEADER
</td>
<td class="_hdr __col">
TOP HEADER
</td>
<td class="_hdr __col">
TOP HEADER
</td>
<td class="_hdr __col">
TOP HEADER
</td>
<td class="_hdr __col">
TOP HEADER
</td>
<td class="_hdr __col">
TOP HEADER
</td>
<td class="_hdr __col">
TOP HEADER
</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="row">
<td class="_hdr __row">
MY HEADER COLUMN:
</td>
<td class="col">
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
</td>
<td class="col">
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
</td>
<td class="col">
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
</td>
<td class="col">
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
</td>
<td class="col">
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
</td>
<td class="col">
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
</td>
<td class="col">
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
</td>
<td class="col">
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
</td>
<td class="col">
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
</td>
<td class="col">
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
</td>
<td class="col">
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
</td>
<td class="col">
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
</td>
<td class="col">
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
</td>
<td class="col">
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
</td>
<td class="col">
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
</td>
<td class="col">
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
</td>
<td class="col">
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
</td>
<td class="col">
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
</td>
<td class="col">
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
</td>
<td class="col">
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
</td>
<td class="col">
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
</td>
<td class="col">
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
</td>
<td class="col">
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
</td>
<td class="col">
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row">
<td class="_hdr __row">
MY HEADER COLUMN:
</td>
<td class="col">
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
</td>
<td class="col">
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
</td>
<td class="col">
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
</td>
<td class="col">
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
</td>
<td class="col">
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
</td>
<td class="col">
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
</td>
<td class="col">
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
</td>
<td class="col">
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
</td>
<td class="col">
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
</td>
<td class="col">
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
</td>
<td class="col">
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
</td>
<td class="col">
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
</td>
<td class="col">
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
</td>
<td class="col">
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
</td>
<td class="col">
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
</td>
<td class="col">
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
</td>
<td class="col">
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
</td>
<td class="col">
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
</td>
<td class="col">
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
</td>
<td class="col">
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
</td>
<td class="col">
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
</td>
<td class="col">
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
</td>
<td class="col">
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
</td>
<td class="col">
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div id="_bottomAnchor">
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>