如何在PHP中替换:
- 将"ã"替换为"a"
- 将"é"替换为"e"
有可能吗?我曾经看过可以使用基本字符的ASCII值和重音符号的ASCII值进行一些数学运算,但现在找不到任何参考资料。
如何在PHP中替换:
有可能吗?我曾经看过可以使用基本字符的ASCII值和重音符号的ASCII值进行一些数学运算,但现在找不到任何参考资料。
如果你没有访问Normalizer类或者不想使用它,你可以使用下面的函数来替换大部分(所有?)常见的重音符号。
function Unaccent($string)
{
return preg_replace('~&([a-z]{1,2})(acute|cedil|circ|grave|lig|orn|ring|slash|th|tilde|uml);~i', '$1', htmlentities($string, ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8'));
}
这个回答是错误的。我在写这篇文章时没有理解Unicode正规化。
请查看francadaval的评论和链接。
使用Normalizer类进行处理。文档非常好,所以我会贴链接而不是在此重复:
http://www.php.net/manual/zh/class.normalizer.php
具体来说,可以使用该类的normalize成员函数:
http://www.php.net/manual/zh/normalizer.normalize.php
请注意,Unicode正规化有几种形式,你似乎想要Normalization Form KD (NFKD) Compatibility Decomposition,但是你应该阅读文档以确保。
你不应该尝试自己编写此功能:有太多东西可能出错,使用提供的函数是一个更好的选择。
normalizer_normalize('olá', Normalizer::FORM_KD); // olaÌ
我尝试了所有其他可用的形式,但没有一个能返回只有 ola
的结果。 - Alix Axel对于那些没有安装php 5.3版本的人,我找到了另一个解决方案,它工作得很好,似乎非常全面。以下是作者网站的链接:http://www.evaisse.net/2008/php-translit-remove-accent-unaccent-21001。以下是该函数。
/**
* Unaccent the input string string. An example string like `ÀØėÿᾜὨζὅБю`
* will be translated to `AOeyIOzoBY`. More complete than :
* strtr( (string)$str,
* "ÀÁÂÃÄÅàáâãäåÒÓÔÕÖØòóôõöøÈÉÊËèéêëÇçÌÍÎÏìíîïÙÚÛÜùúûüÿÑñ",
* "aaaaaaaaaaaaooooooooooooeeeeeeeecciiiiiiiiuuuuuuuuynn" );
*
* @param $str input string
* @param $utf8 if null, function will detect input string encoding
* @author http://www.evaisse.net/2008/php-translit-remove-accent-unaccent-21001
* @return string input string without accent
*/
function remove_accents( $str, $utf8=true )
{
$str = (string)$str;
if( is_null($utf8) ) {
if( !function_exists('mb_detect_encoding') ) {
$utf8 = (strtolower( mb_detect_encoding($str) )=='utf-8');
} else {
$length = strlen($str);
$utf8 = true;
for ($i=0; $i < $length; $i++) {
$c = ord($str[$i]);
if ($c < 0x80) $n = 0; # 0bbbbbbb
elseif (($c & 0xE0) == 0xC0) $n=1; # 110bbbbb
elseif (($c & 0xF0) == 0xE0) $n=2; # 1110bbbb
elseif (($c & 0xF8) == 0xF0) $n=3; # 11110bbb
elseif (($c & 0xFC) == 0xF8) $n=4; # 111110bb
elseif (($c & 0xFE) == 0xFC) $n=5; # 1111110b
else return false; # Does not match any model
for ($j=0; $j<$n; $j++) { # n bytes matching 10bbbbbb follow ?
if ((++$i == $length)
|| ((ord($str[$i]) & 0xC0) != 0x80)) {
$utf8 = false;
break;
}
}
}
}
}
if(!$utf8)
$str = utf8_encode($str);
$transliteration = array(
'IJ' => 'I', 'Ö' => 'O','Œ' => 'O','Ü' => 'U','ä' => 'a','æ' => 'a',
'ij' => 'i','ö' => 'o','œ' => 'o','ü' => 'u','ß' => 's','ſ' => 's',
'À' => 'A','Á' => 'A','Â' => 'A','Ã' => 'A','Ä' => 'A','Å' => 'A',
'Æ' => 'A','Ā' => 'A','Ą' => 'A','Ă' => 'A','Ç' => 'C','Ć' => 'C',
'Č' => 'C','Ĉ' => 'C','Ċ' => 'C','Ď' => 'D','Đ' => 'D','È' => 'E',
'É' => 'E','Ê' => 'E','Ë' => 'E','Ē' => 'E','Ę' => 'E','Ě' => 'E',
'Ĕ' => 'E','Ė' => 'E','Ĝ' => 'G','Ğ' => 'G','Ġ' => 'G','Ģ' => 'G',
'Ĥ' => 'H','Ħ' => 'H','Ì' => 'I','Í' => 'I','Î' => 'I','Ï' => 'I',
'Ī' => 'I','Ĩ' => 'I','Ĭ' => 'I','Į' => 'I','İ' => 'I','Ĵ' => 'J',
'Ķ' => 'K','Ľ' => 'K','Ĺ' => 'K','Ļ' => 'K','Ŀ' => 'K','Ł' => 'L',
'Ñ' => 'N','Ń' => 'N','Ň' => 'N','Ņ' => 'N','Ŋ' => 'N','Ò' => 'O',
'Ó' => 'O','Ô' => 'O','Õ' => 'O','Ø' => 'O','Ō' => 'O','Ő' => 'O',
'Ŏ' => 'O','Ŕ' => 'R','Ř' => 'R','Ŗ' => 'R','Ś' => 'S','Ş' => 'S',
'Ŝ' => 'S','Ș' => 'S','Š' => 'S','Ť' => 'T','Ţ' => 'T','Ŧ' => 'T',
'Ț' => 'T','Ù' => 'U','Ú' => 'U','Û' => 'U','Ū' => 'U','Ů' => 'U',
'Ű' => 'U','Ŭ' => 'U','Ũ' => 'U','Ų' => 'U','Ŵ' => 'W','Ŷ' => 'Y',
'Ÿ' => 'Y','Ý' => 'Y','Ź' => 'Z','Ż' => 'Z','Ž' => 'Z','à' => 'a',
'á' => 'a','â' => 'a','ã' => 'a','ā' => 'a','ą' => 'a','ă' => 'a',
'å' => 'a','ç' => 'c','ć' => 'c','č' => 'c','ĉ' => 'c','ċ' => 'c',
'ď' => 'd','đ' => 'd','è' => 'e','é' => 'e','ê' => 'e','ë' => 'e',
'ē' => 'e','ę' => 'e','ě' => 'e','ĕ' => 'e','ė' => 'e','ƒ' => 'f',
'ĝ' => 'g','ğ' => 'g','ġ' => 'g','ģ' => 'g','ĥ' => 'h','ħ' => 'h',
'ì' => 'i','í' => 'i','î' => 'i','ï' => 'i','ī' => 'i','ĩ' => 'i',
'ĭ' => 'i','į' => 'i','ı' => 'i','ĵ' => 'j','ķ' => 'k','ĸ' => 'k',
'ł' => 'l','ľ' => 'l','ĺ' => 'l','ļ' => 'l','ŀ' => 'l','ñ' => 'n',
'ń' => 'n','ň' => 'n','ņ' => 'n','ʼn' => 'n','ŋ' => 'n','ò' => 'o',
'ó' => 'o','ô' => 'o','õ' => 'o','ø' => 'o','ō' => 'o','ő' => 'o',
'ŏ' => 'o','ŕ' => 'r','ř' => 'r','ŗ' => 'r','ś' => 's','š' => 's',
'ť' => 't','ù' => 'u','ú' => 'u','û' => 'u','ū' => 'u','ů' => 'u',
'ű' => 'u','ŭ' => 'u','ũ' => 'u','ų' => 'u','ŵ' => 'w','ÿ' => 'y',
'ý' => 'y','ŷ' => 'y','ż' => 'z','ź' => 'z','ž' => 'z','Α' => 'A',
'Ά' => 'A','Ἀ' => 'A','Ἁ' => 'A','Ἂ' => 'A','Ἃ' => 'A','Ἄ' => 'A',
'Ἅ' => 'A','Ἆ' => 'A','Ἇ' => 'A','ᾈ' => 'A','ᾉ' => 'A','ᾊ' => 'A',
'ᾋ' => 'A','ᾌ' => 'A','ᾍ' => 'A','ᾎ' => 'A','ᾏ' => 'A','Ᾰ' => 'A',
'Ᾱ' => 'A','Ὰ' => 'A','ᾼ' => 'A','Β' => 'B','Γ' => 'G','Δ' => 'D',
'Ε' => 'E','Έ' => 'E','Ἐ' => 'E','Ἑ' => 'E','Ἒ' => 'E','Ἓ' => 'E',
'Ἔ' => 'E','Ἕ' => 'E','Ὲ' => 'E','Ζ' => 'Z','Η' => 'I','Ή' => 'I',
'Ἠ' => 'I','Ἡ' => 'I','Ἢ' => 'I','Ἣ' => 'I','Ἤ' => 'I','Ἥ' => 'I',
'Ἦ' => 'I','Ἧ' => 'I','ᾘ' => 'I','ᾙ' => 'I','ᾚ' => 'I','ᾛ' => 'I',
'ᾜ' => 'I','ᾝ' => 'I','ᾞ' => 'I','ᾟ' => 'I','Ὴ' => 'I','ῌ' => 'I',
'Θ' => 'T','Ι' => 'I','Ί' => 'I','Ϊ' => 'I','Ἰ' => 'I','Ἱ' => 'I',
'Ἲ' => 'I','Ἳ' => 'I','Ἴ' => 'I','Ἵ' => 'I','Ἶ' => 'I','Ἷ' => 'I',
'Ῐ' => 'I','Ῑ' => 'I','Ὶ' => 'I','Κ' => 'K','Λ' => 'L','Μ' => 'M',
'Ν' => 'N','Ξ' => 'K','Ο' => 'O','Ό' => 'O','Ὀ' => 'O','Ὁ' => 'O',
'Ὂ' => 'O','Ὃ' => 'O','Ὄ' => 'O','Ὅ' => 'O','Ὸ' => 'O','Π' => 'P',
'Ρ' => 'R','Ῥ' => 'R','Σ' => 'S','Τ' => 'T','Υ' => 'Y','Ύ' => 'Y',
'Ϋ' => 'Y','Ὑ' => 'Y','Ὓ' => 'Y','Ὕ' => 'Y','Ὗ' => 'Y','Ῠ' => 'Y',
'Ῡ' => 'Y','Ὺ' => 'Y','Φ' => 'F','Χ' => 'X','Ψ' => 'P','Ω' => 'O',
'Ώ' => 'O','Ὠ' => 'O','Ὡ' => 'O','Ὢ' => 'O','Ὣ' => 'O','Ὤ' => 'O',
'Ὥ' => 'O','Ὦ' => 'O','Ὧ' => 'O','ᾨ' => 'O','ᾩ' => 'O','ᾪ' => 'O',
'ᾫ' => 'O','ᾬ' => 'O','ᾭ' => 'O','ᾮ' => 'O','ᾯ' => 'O','Ὼ' => 'O',
'ῼ' => 'O','α' => 'a','ά' => 'a','ἀ' => 'a','ἁ' => 'a','ἂ' => 'a',
'ἃ' => 'a','ἄ' => 'a','ἅ' => 'a','ἆ' => 'a','ἇ' => 'a','ᾀ' => 'a',
'ᾁ' => 'a','ᾂ' => 'a','ᾃ' => 'a','ᾄ' => 'a','ᾅ' => 'a','ᾆ' => 'a',
'ᾇ' => 'a','ὰ' => 'a','ᾰ' => 'a','ᾱ' => 'a','ᾲ' => 'a','ᾳ' => 'a',
'ᾴ' => 'a','ᾶ' => 'a','ᾷ' => 'a','β' => 'b','γ' => 'g','δ' => 'd',
'ε' => 'e','έ' => 'e','ἐ' => 'e','ἑ' => 'e','ἒ' => 'e','ἓ' => 'e',
'ἔ' => 'e','ἕ' => 'e','ὲ' => 'e','ζ' => 'z','η' => 'i','ή' => 'i',
'ἠ' => 'i','ἡ' => 'i','ἢ' => 'i','ἣ' => 'i','ἤ' => 'i','ἥ' => 'i',
'ἦ' => 'i','ἧ' => 'i','ᾐ' => 'i','ᾑ' => 'i','ᾒ' => 'i','ᾓ' => 'i',
'ᾔ' => 'i','ᾕ' => 'i','ᾖ' => 'i','ᾗ' => 'i','ὴ' => 'i','ῂ' => 'i',
'ῃ' => 'i','ῄ' => 'i','ῆ' => 'i','ῇ' => 'i','θ' => 't','ι' => 'i',
'ί' => 'i','ϊ' => 'i','ΐ' => 'i','ἰ' => 'i','ἱ' => 'i','ἲ' => 'i',
'ἳ' => 'i','ἴ' => 'i','ἵ' => 'i','ἶ' => 'i','ἷ' => 'i','ὶ' => 'i',
'ῐ' => 'i','ῑ' => 'i','ῒ' => 'i','ῖ' => 'i','ῗ' => 'i','κ' => 'k',
'λ' => 'l','μ' => 'm','ν' => 'n','ξ' => 'k','ο' => 'o','ό' => 'o',
'ὀ' => 'o','ὁ' => 'o','ὂ' => 'o','ὃ' => 'o','ὄ' => 'o','ὅ' => 'o',
'ὸ' => 'o','π' => 'p','ρ' => 'r','ῤ' => 'r','ῥ' => 'r','σ' => 's',
'ς' => 's','τ' => 't','υ' => 'y','ύ' => 'y','ϋ' => 'y','ΰ' => 'y',
'ὐ' => 'y','ὑ' => 'y','ὒ' => 'y','ὓ' => 'y','ὔ' => 'y','ὕ' => 'y',
'ὖ' => 'y','ὗ' => 'y','ὺ' => 'y','ῠ' => 'y','ῡ' => 'y','ῢ' => 'y',
'ῦ' => 'y','ῧ' => 'y','φ' => 'f','χ' => 'x','ψ' => 'p','ω' => 'o',
'ώ' => 'o','ὠ' => 'o','ὡ' => 'o','ὢ' => 'o','ὣ' => 'o','ὤ' => 'o',
'ὥ' => 'o','ὦ' => 'o','ὧ' => 'o','ᾠ' => 'o','ᾡ' => 'o','ᾢ' => 'o',
'ᾣ' => 'o','ᾤ' => 'o','ᾥ' => 'o','ᾦ' => 'o','ᾧ' => 'o','ὼ' => 'o',
'ῲ' => 'o','ῳ' => 'o','ῴ' => 'o','ῶ' => 'o','ῷ' => 'o','А' => 'A',
'Б' => 'B','В' => 'V','Г' => 'G','Д' => 'D','Е' => 'E','Ё' => 'E',
'Ж' => 'Z','З' => 'Z','И' => 'I','Й' => 'I','К' => 'K','Л' => 'L',
'М' => 'M','Н' => 'N','О' => 'O','П' => 'P','Р' => 'R','С' => 'S',
'Т' => 'T','У' => 'U','Ф' => 'F','Х' => 'K','Ц' => 'T','Ч' => 'C',
'Ш' => 'S','Щ' => 'S','Ы' => 'Y','Э' => 'E','Ю' => 'Y','Я' => 'Y',
'а' => 'A','б' => 'B','в' => 'V','г' => 'G','д' => 'D','е' => 'E',
'ё' => 'E','ж' => 'Z','з' => 'Z','и' => 'I','й' => 'I','к' => 'K',
'л' => 'L','м' => 'M','н' => 'N','о' => 'O','п' => 'P','р' => 'R',
'с' => 'S','т' => 'T','у' => 'U','ф' => 'F','х' => 'K','ц' => 'T',
'ч' => 'C','ш' => 'S','щ' => 'S','ы' => 'Y','э' => 'E','ю' => 'Y',
'я' => 'Y','ð' => 'd','Ð' => 'D','þ' => 't','Þ' => 'T','ა' => 'a',
'ბ' => 'b','გ' => 'g','დ' => 'd','ე' => 'e','ვ' => 'v','ზ' => 'z',
'თ' => 't','ი' => 'i','კ' => 'k','ლ' => 'l','მ' => 'm','ნ' => 'n',
'ო' => 'o','პ' => 'p','ჟ' => 'z','რ' => 'r','ს' => 's','ტ' => 't',
'უ' => 'u','ფ' => 'p','ქ' => 'k','ღ' => 'g','ყ' => 'q','შ' => 's',
'ჩ' => 'c','ც' => 't','ძ' => 'd','წ' => 't','ჭ' => 'c','ხ' => 'k',
'ჯ' => 'j','ჰ' => 'h'
);
$str = str_replace( array_keys( $transliteration ),
array_values( $transliteration ),
$str);
return $str;
}
//- remove_accents()
'ʼ' => "'",'̧' => '','ḩ' => 'h', '‘'=>"'", '’'=>"'", 'ừ'=>'u', 'ế'=>'e', 'ả'=>'a', 'ị'=>'i', 'ậ'=>'a', 'ệ'=>'e', 'ỉ'=>'i', 'ộ'=>'o', 'ồ'=>'o', 'ề'=>'e', 'ơ'=>'o', 'ạ'=>'a', 'ẵ'=>'a', 'ư'=>'u', 'ắ'=>'a', 'ằ'=>'a', 'ầ'=>'a', 'ḑ'=>'d', 'Ḩ'=>'H', 'Ḑ'=>'D', 'ş'=>'s', 'ā'=>'a', 'ţ'=>'t',
- brenjt使用自定义字符的 str_replace 的简短用法:
<?php
$original_string = "¿Dónde está el niño que vive aquí? En el témpano o en el iglú. ÁFRICA, MÉXICO, ÍNDICE, CANCIÓN y NÚMERO.";
$some_special_chars = array("á", "é", "í", "ó", "ú", "Á", "É", "Í", "Ó", "Ú", "ñ", "Ñ");
$replacement_chars = array("a", "e", "i", "o", "u", "A", "E", "I", "O", "U", "n", "N");
$replaced_string = str_replace($some_special_chars, $replacement_chars, $original_string);
echo $replaced_string; // outputs '¿Donde esta el nino que vive aqui? En el tempano o en el iglu. AFRICA, MEXICO, INDICE, CANCION y NUMERO.'
?>
<?php
$string = "áéíóúÁ—whatever";
// create an array of the hex codes of the characters you want to replace (formatted as shown) and whatever you want to replace them with.
$characters = array(
"[\xF3]" => "&ocacute;", //ó
"[\xFC]" => "ü", //ü
"[\xF1]" => "ñ", //ñ
"[\xEB]" => "ë", //ë
"[\xE9]" => "é", //é
"[\xBD]" => "½", //½
);
// note that you must use a two-digit hex code for whatever reason.
// So, for example, although the hex code for an em dash is 2014, you have to use 97 instead. ("[\x97]" => "—")
// separate the key->value array into two separate arrays. Or just make two arrays from the beginning, but it's easier to read this way.
foreach ($characters as $hex => $html) {
$replaceThis[] = $hex;
$replaceWith[] = $html;
}
$string = preg_replace($replaceThis, $replaceWith, $string);
?>
这可能不是最优雅的解决方案,但它可以工作,并且不需要正则表达式的知识。
<?php
function normalizeUtf8String( $s)
{
// Normalizer-class missing!
if (! class_exists("Normalizer", $autoload = false))
return $original_string;
// maps German (umlauts) and other European characters onto two characters before just removing diacritics
$s = preg_replace( '@\x{00c4}@u' , "AE", $s ); // umlaut Ä => AE
$s = preg_replace( '@\x{00d6}@u' , "OE", $s ); // umlaut Ö => OE
$s = preg_replace( '@\x{00dc}@u' , "UE", $s ); // umlaut Ü => UE
$s = preg_replace( '@\x{00e4}@u' , "ae", $s ); // umlaut ä => ae
$s = preg_replace( '@\x{00f6}@u' , "oe", $s ); // umlaut ö => oe
$s = preg_replace( '@\x{00fc}@u' , "ue", $s ); // umlaut ü => ue
$s = preg_replace( '@\x{00f1}@u' , "ny", $s ); // ñ => ny
$s = preg_replace( '@\x{00ff}@u' , "yu", $s ); // ÿ => yu
// maps special characters (characters with diacritics) on their base-character followed by the diacritical mark
// exmaple: Ú => U´, á => a`
$s = Normalizer::normalize( $s, Normalizer::FORM_D );
$s = preg_replace( '@\pM@u' , "", $s ); // removes diacritics
$s = preg_replace( '@\x{00df}@u' , "ss", $s ); // maps German ß onto ss
$s = preg_replace( '@\x{00c6}@u' , "AE", $s ); // Æ => AE
$s = preg_replace( '@\x{00e6}@u' , "ae", $s ); // æ => ae
$s = preg_replace( '@\x{0132}@u' , "IJ", $s ); // ? => IJ
$s = preg_replace( '@\x{0133}@u' , "ij", $s ); // ? => ij
$s = preg_replace( '@\x{0152}@u' , "OE", $s ); // Œ => OE
$s = preg_replace( '@\x{0153}@u' , "oe", $s ); // œ => oe
$s = preg_replace( '@\x{00d0}@u' , "D", $s ); // Ð => D
$s = preg_replace( '@\x{0110}@u' , "D", $s ); // Ð => D
$s = preg_replace( '@\x{00f0}@u' , "d", $s ); // ð => d
$s = preg_replace( '@\x{0111}@u' , "d", $s ); // d => d
$s = preg_replace( '@\x{0126}@u' , "H", $s ); // H => H
$s = preg_replace( '@\x{0127}@u' , "h", $s ); // h => h
$s = preg_replace( '@\x{0131}@u' , "i", $s ); // i => i
$s = preg_replace( '@\x{0138}@u' , "k", $s ); // ? => k
$s = preg_replace( '@\x{013f}@u' , "L", $s ); // ? => L
$s = preg_replace( '@\x{0141}@u' , "L", $s ); // L => L
$s = preg_replace( '@\x{0140}@u' , "l", $s ); // ? => l
$s = preg_replace( '@\x{0142}@u' , "l", $s ); // l => l
$s = preg_replace( '@\x{014a}@u' , "N", $s ); // ? => N
$s = preg_replace( '@\x{0149}@u' , "n", $s ); // ? => n
$s = preg_replace( '@\x{014b}@u' , "n", $s ); // ? => n
$s = preg_replace( '@\x{00d8}@u' , "O", $s ); // Ø => O
$s = preg_replace( '@\x{00f8}@u' , "o", $s ); // ø => o
$s = preg_replace( '@\x{017f}@u' , "s", $s ); // ? => s
$s = preg_replace( '@\x{00de}@u' , "T", $s ); // Þ => T
$s = preg_replace( '@\x{0166}@u' , "T", $s ); // T => T
$s = preg_replace( '@\x{00fe}@u' , "t", $s ); // þ => t
$s = preg_replace( '@\x{0167}@u' , "t", $s ); // t => t
// remove all non-ASCii characters
$s = preg_replace( '@[^\0-\x80]@u' , "", $s );
// possible errors in UTF8-regular-expressions
if (empty($s))
return $original_string;
else
return $s;
}
?>
使用 PEAR I18N_UnicodeNormalizer-1.0.0
include('…');
echo preg_replace(
'/(\P{L})/ui', // replace all except members of Unicode class "letters", case insensitive
'', // with nothing
I18N_UnicodeNormalizer::toNFKD('ÅÉÏÔÙåéïôù') // ù → u + `
);
→ AEIOUaeiou
人们经常使用str_replace
或strtr
和一个大字符列表来转换“from”和“to”——即使看起来不太美观...
另一种解决方案,我想,可能是使用像iconv
这样的东西,选项为//TRANSLIT
——但从我记得的情况来看,并不总是有效...
此外,如果您正在使用PHP 5.3,则新的Normalizer
类可能会很有趣;-)
&
符号,或者直接复制+粘贴。 - Alix Axelć
,因为对于htmlentities
来说,这不是一个有效(或可识别)的字母/重音符号组合(即使在Ubuntu中尝试输入也会得到ç
- 我有一个专门的ç
按钮,因为我是葡萄牙人)。但是如果您尝试使用áéíóú
,它确实可以工作:http://codepad.org/BC4phlym。 - Alix Axelhtmlentities
所识别的字符集之外。它是几种语言中使用的有效字符 - 请参见 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%86 在葡萄牙键盘布局中无法输入它在这种情况下是无关紧要的。我不知道这是否对 OP(或任何试图解决类似问题的人 - 对我来说确实很重要)有影响,但我认为指出这一点仍然值得。 - Konrad Morawskić
。我理解您的需求,只是指出它可以处理一些/常见的重音字符。 - Alix Axel