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有没有一种方法可以直接使用SpeechRecognizer API进行语音输入？

androidspeech-recognitionspeech-to-text
25

Android开发网站提供了使用内置的Google语音输入Activity进行语音输入的示例。该Activity显示预配置的弹出窗口并使用onActivityResult()传递结果。

我的问题： 是否有一种方法可以直接使用SpeechRecognizer类进行语音输入，而不显示预设的Activity？这将允许我为语音输入构建自己的Activity。

5个回答
57

以下是使用SpeechRecognizer类的代码（引自这里和这里）：

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.speech.RecognitionListener;
import android.speech.RecognizerIntent;
import android.speech.SpeechRecognizer;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import android.util.Log;



public class VoiceRecognitionTest extends Activity implements OnClickListener 
{

   private TextView mText;
   private SpeechRecognizer sr;
   private static final String TAG = "MyStt3Activity";
   @Override
   public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) 
   {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
            setContentView(R.layout.main);
            Button speakButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_speak);     
            mText = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.textView1);     
            speakButton.setOnClickListener(this);
            sr = SpeechRecognizer.createSpeechRecognizer(this);       
            sr.setRecognitionListener(new listener());        
   }

   class listener implements RecognitionListener          
   {
            public void onReadyForSpeech(Bundle params)
            {
                     Log.d(TAG, "onReadyForSpeech");
            }
            public void onBeginningOfSpeech()
            {
                     Log.d(TAG, "onBeginningOfSpeech");
            }
            public void onRmsChanged(float rmsdB)
            {
                     Log.d(TAG, "onRmsChanged");
            }
            public void onBufferReceived(byte[] buffer)
            {
                     Log.d(TAG, "onBufferReceived");
            }
            public void onEndOfSpeech()
            {
                     Log.d(TAG, "onEndofSpeech");
            }
            public void onError(int error)
            {
                     Log.d(TAG,  "error " +  error);
                     mText.setText("error " + error);
            }
            public void onResults(Bundle results)                   
            {
                     String str = new String();
                     Log.d(TAG, "onResults " + results);
                     ArrayList data = results.getStringArrayList(SpeechRecognizer.RESULTS_RECOGNITION);
                     for (int i = 0; i < data.size(); i++)
                     {
                               Log.d(TAG, "result " + data.get(i));
                               str += data.get(i);
                     }
                     mText.setText("results: "+String.valueOf(data.size()));        
            }
            public void onPartialResults(Bundle partialResults)
            {
                     Log.d(TAG, "onPartialResults");
            }
            public void onEvent(int eventType, Bundle params)
            {
                     Log.d(TAG, "onEvent " + eventType);
            }
   }
   public void onClick(View v) {
            if (v.getId() == R.id.btn_speak) 
            {
                Intent intent = new Intent(RecognizerIntent.ACTION_RECOGNIZE_SPEECH);        
                intent.putExtra(RecognizerIntent.EXTRA_LANGUAGE_MODEL,RecognizerIntent.LANGUAGE_MODEL_FREE_FORM);
                intent.putExtra(RecognizerIntent.EXTRA_CALLING_PACKAGE,"voice.recognition.test");

                intent.putExtra(RecognizerIntent.EXTRA_MAX_RESULTS,5); 
                sr.startListening(intent);
                Log.i("111111","11111111");
            }
   }
}

在清单文件中授予RECORD_AUDIO权限，同时定义一个带有按钮的main.xml布局文件。

3
在搜寻其他内容时，我偶然发现了这个问题。虽然它是一个旧问题，但我认为发布答案对其他人可能有所帮助。 - png
10
如何在Android手机上使用语音识别而不出现烦人的对话框？ - png
它总是输出5或4或错误7。结果为5。 - Android is everything for me
1
应该被接受为答案，现在已经过去3年了。 - Talha
出于清晰起见，授予 RECORD_AUDIO 权限看起来像 <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO" />。 - smeeb
有没有 EXTRA_AUDIO_INJECT_SOURCE 意图的演示？文档只是简单提到了它。 - confusedstudent
3
请确保从用户那里请求正确的权限。即使我在清单中列出了适当的RECORD_AUDIO权限，我仍然遇到了错误9返回值：INSUFFICIENT_PERMISSIONS。
按照此处的示例代码，我成功地从用户那里获取了权限，然后语音识别器返回了良好的响应。
例如，我将以下代码块放入我的onCreate()方法中的Activity中，尽管它可以放在UI流的其他位置之前调用SpeechRecognizer方法：
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        ...
        if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this,
            Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO)
            != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {

        // Should we show an explanation?
        if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(this,
                Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO)) {

            // Show an explanation to the user *asynchronously* -- don't block
            // this thread waiting for the user's response! After the user
            // sees the explanation, try again to request the permission.

        } else {

            // No explanation needed, we can request the permission.

            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this,
                    new String[]{Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO},
                    527);

            // MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS is an
            // app-defined int constant. The callback method gets the
            // result of the request. (In this example I just punched in
            // the value 527)
        }
        ...
    }

在活动中为权限请求提供一个回调方法：

@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode,
                                       String permissions[], int[] grantResults) {
    switch (requestCode) {
        case 527: {
            // If request is cancelled, the result arrays are empty.
            if (grantResults.length > 0
                    && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {

                // permission was granted, yay! Do the
                // contacts-related task you need to do.

            } else {

                // permission denied, boo! Disable the
                // functionality that depends on this permission.
            }
            return;
        }

        // other 'case' lines to check for other
        // permissions this app might request
    }
}

在Preetha的示例代码中，我需要更改的另一件事是在onResults()方法中检索结果文本。为了获取翻译后语音的实际文本（而不是大小，因为原始代码打印的是大小），可以打印构造字符串str的值或获取ArrayList（data）中的一个返回值。例如：

.setText(data.get(0));
2
您可以这样做：
import android.app.Activity
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity
import android.os.Bundle
import kotlinx.android.synthetic.main.activity_main.*
import android.widget.Toast
import android.content.ActivityNotFoundException
import android.speech.RecognizerIntent
import android.content.Intent

class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
    private val REQ_CODE = 100

    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)

        speak.setOnClickListener {
            val intent = Intent(RecognizerIntent.ACTION_RECOGNIZE_SPEECH)
            intent.putExtra(RecognizerIntent.EXTRA_LANGUAGE_MODEL,
                    RecognizerIntent.LANGUAGE_MODEL_FREE_FORM)
            intent.putExtra(RecognizerIntent.EXTRA_LANGUAGE,  "ar-JO") //  Locale.getDefault()
            intent.putExtra(RecognizerIntent.EXTRA_PROMPT, "Need to speak")
            try {
                startActivityForResult(intent, REQ_CODE)
            } catch (a: ActivityNotFoundException) {
                Toast.makeText(applicationContext,
                        "Sorry your device not supported",
                        Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
            }
        }
    }

    override fun onActivityResult(requestCode: Int, resultCode: Int, data: Intent?) {
        super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data)

        when (requestCode) {
            REQ_CODE -> {
                if (resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK && data != null) {
                    val result = data
                            .getStringArrayListExtra(RecognizerIntent.EXTRA_RESULTS)
                    println("result: $result")
                    text.text = result[0]
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

布局可以很简单：

layout 可以很简单：

<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools = "http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width = "match_parent"
    android:layout_height = "match_parent"
    tools:context = ".MainActivity">
    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width = "match_parent"
        android:gravity = "center"
        android:layout_height = "match_parent">
        <TextView
            android:id = "@+id/text"
            android:textSize = "30sp"
            android:layout_width = "wrap_content"
            android:layout_height = "wrap_content"/>
    </LinearLayout>
    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width = "wrap_content"
        android:layout_alignParentBottom = "true"
        android:layout_centerInParent = "true"
        android:orientation = "vertical"
        android:layout_height = "wrap_content">
        <ImageView
            android:id = "@+id/speak"
            android:layout_width = "wrap_content"
            android:layout_height = "wrap_content"
            android:background = "?selectableItemBackground"
            android:src = "@android:drawable/ic_btn_speak_now"/>
    </LinearLayout>
</RelativeLayout>

您所问的另一种方法稍微有些冗长，但是可以给您更多的控制权，并且不会打扰您使用Google助手对话框：

1- 首先，您需要在清单文件中授予权限：

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO"/>

2- 我将以上所有答案进行整合，如下：

  • 创建RecognitionListener类，如下：
private val TAG = "Driver-Assistant"

class Listener(context: Context): RecognitionListener {
    private var ctx = context

    override fun onReadyForSpeech(params: Bundle?) {
        Log.d(TAG, "onReadyForSpeech")
    }

    override fun onRmsChanged(rmsdB: Float) {
        Log.d(TAG, "onRmsChanged")
    }

    override fun onBufferReceived(buffer: ByteArray?) {
        Log.d(TAG, "onBufferReceived")
    }

    override fun onPartialResults(partialResults: Bundle?) {
        Log.d(TAG, "onPartialResults")
    }

    override fun onEvent(eventType: Int, params: Bundle?) {
        Log.d(TAG, "onEvent")
    }

    override fun onBeginningOfSpeech() {
        Toast.makeText(ctx, "Speech started", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show()
    }

    override fun onEndOfSpeech() {
        Toast.makeText(ctx, "Speech finished", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show()
    }

    override fun onError(error: Int) {
        var string = when (error) {
            6 -> "No speech input"
            4 -> "Server sends error status"
            8 -> "RecognitionService busy."
            7 -> "No recognition result matched."
            1 -> "Network operation timed out."
            2 -> "Other network related errors."
            9 -> "Insufficient permissions"
            5 -> " Other client side errors."
            3 -> "Audio recording error."
            else -> "unknown!!"
        }
        Toast.makeText(ctx, "sorry error occurred: $string", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show()
    }

    override fun onResults(results: Bundle?) {
        Log.d(TAG, "onResults $results")
        val data = results!!.getStringArrayList(SpeechRecognizer.RESULTS_RECOGNITION)
        display.text = data!![0]
    }
}
  • 在主文件中，您需要定义SpeechRecognizer，并将上述listener添加到其中，不要忘记请求运行时权限，所有内容如下：
lateinit var sr: SpeechRecognizer
lateinit var display: TextView

class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {

    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)

        display = text

        if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this,
                        Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO)
                != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
            if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(this,
                            Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO)) {
            } else {
                ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this,
                        arrayOf(Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO),
                        527)
            }
        }

        sr = SpeechRecognizer.createSpeechRecognizer(this)
        sr.setRecognitionListener(Listener(this))

        speak.setOnClickListener {
            val intent = Intent(RecognizerIntent.ACTION_RECOGNIZE_SPEECH)
            intent.putExtra(RecognizerIntent.EXTRA_LANGUAGE_MODEL,
                    RecognizerIntent.LANGUAGE_MODEL_FREE_FORM)
            intent.putExtra(RecognizerIntent.EXTRA_LANGUAGE,  "ar-JO") //  Locale.getDefault()
            sr.startListening(intent)
        }

    }

    override fun onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode: Int, permissions: Array<out String>, grantResults: IntArray) {
        super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults)
        when (requestCode) {
            527  -> if (grantResults.isNotEmpty()
                    && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {

                Toast.makeText(this, "Permission granted", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
            } else {
                Toast.makeText(this, "Permission not granted", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
            }
        }
    }
}
1

你可以使用SpeechRecognizer，但我不知道除了this previous SO question之外还有没有其他的示例代码。然而，该功能是API 8（Android 2.2）才新推出的，因此在撰写本文时并不广泛可用。

我写了一个测试应用程序，尝试启动SpeechRecognizer.startListening()并实现监听器方法，但什么也没有发生。 - vladimir.vivien
0
package com.android.example.speechtxt;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.core.content.ContextCompat;

import android.Manifest;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.provider.Settings;
import android.speech.RecognitionListener;
import android.speech.RecognizerIntent;
import android.speech.SpeechRecognizer;
import android.view.MotionEvent;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.RelativeLayout;
import android.widget.Toast;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Locale;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private RelativeLayout relativeLayout;
    private SpeechRecognizer speechRecognizer;
    private Intent speechintent;
    String keeper="";

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        checkVoiceCommandPermission();
        relativeLayout = findViewById(R.id.touchscr);

        speechRecognizer = SpeechRecognizer.createSpeechRecognizer(getApplicationContext());
        speechintent = new Intent(RecognizerIntent.ACTION_RECOGNIZE_SPEECH);
        speechintent.putExtra(RecognizerIntent.EXTRA_LANGUAGE_MODEL,RecognizerIntent.LANGUAGE_MODEL_FREE_FORM);
        speechintent.putExtra(RecognizerIntent.EXTRA_LANGUAGE, Locale.getDefault());


        speechRecognizer.setRecognitionListener(new RecognitionListener() {
            @Override
            public void onReadyForSpeech(Bundle params) {

            }

            @Override
            public void onBeginningOfSpeech() {

            }

            @Override
            public void onRmsChanged(float rmsdB) {

            }

            @Override
            public void onBufferReceived(byte[] buffer) {

            }

            @Override
            public void onEndOfSpeech() {

            }

            @Override
            public void onError(int error) {

            }

            @Override
            public void onResults(Bundle results)
            {
                ArrayList<String> speakedStringArray = results.getStringArrayList(SpeechRecognizer.RESULTS_RECOGNITION);
                if(speakedStringArray!=null)
                {
                    keeper = speakedStringArray.get(0);

                    Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),""+keeper,Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                }
            }

            @Override
            public void onPartialResults(Bundle partialResults) {

            }

            @Override
            public void onEvent(int eventType, Bundle params) {

            }
        });

        relativeLayout.setOnTouchListener(new View.OnTouchListener() {
            @Override
            public boolean onTouch(View v, MotionEvent event) {
                switch (event.getAction())
                {
                    case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN:
                        speechRecognizer.startListening(speechintent);
                        keeper="";
                        break;
                    case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:
                        speechRecognizer.stopListening();
                        break;
                }
                return false;
            }
        });
    }


    private void checkVoiceCommandPermission()
    {
        if(Build.VERSION.SDK_INT>=Build.VERSION_CODES.M)
        {
            if (!(ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(MainActivity.this, Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO)== PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED))
            {
                Intent intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_APPLICATION_DETAILS_SETTINGS, Uri.parse("package:" +getPackageName()));
                startActivity(intent);
                finish();
            }

        }
    }
}
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