Rails：当我运行rake db:seed时，出现US-ASCII中的无效字节序（参数错误）

Question

Rails：当我运行rake db:seed时，出现US-ASCII中的无效字节序（参数错误）

ruby-on-railsrakeseedingargument-error

94

当我在我的Rails应用程序中运行rake db:seed时，我遇到了以下错误:

无效的字节序列US-ASCII（参数错误）

我刚刚将science_majors添加到我的种子文件中，然后当我运行rake db:seed时，它给了我这个错误：

无效的字节序列错误

为什么会出现这种情况，我该如何修复呢？

seeds.rb的一部分

@college = College.find_or_create_by_name!('University of Pittsburgh')
if @college.update_attributes(
  url: 'university-of-pittsburgh',
  public: 'Public',
  years: '4-year',
  category: 'National University',
  calendar: 'Semester',
  location: 'Pittsburgh, PA',
  setting: 'Large City (250-500k)',
  retention: '90',
  majors: 'business/marketing: 15%|social sciences: 14%|health professions: 11%|english: 10%|engineering: 9%|psychology: 8%|biology: 7%|history: 5%',
  scholarships_link: 'http://www.oafa.pitt.edu/universityschlrs.aspx',
  map: '<iframe width="425" height="350" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" src="https://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&amp;source=s_q&amp;hl=en&amp;geocode=&amp;q=university+of+pittsburgh&amp;aq=&amp;sll=40.444261,-79.970448&amp;sspn=0.142165,0.251656&amp;ie=UTF8&amp;hq=university+of+pittsburgh&amp;t=m&amp;ll=40.443486,-79.958245&amp;spn=0.010798,0.021038&amp;output=embed"></iframe><br /><small><a href="https://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&amp;source=embed&amp;hl=en&amp;geocode=&amp;q=university+of+pittsburgh&amp;aq=&amp;sll=40.431368,-79.9805&amp;sspn=0.142165,0.251656&amp;ie=UTF8&amp;hq=university+of+pittsburgh&amp;t=m&amp;ll=40.443486,-79.958245&amp;spn=0.010798,0.021038" style="color:#0000FF;text-align:left">View Larger Map</a></small>',
  street_view: '<iframe width="425" height="350" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" src="https://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&amp;source=embed&amp;hl=en&amp;geocode=&amp;q=University+of+Pittsburgh,+4200+Fifth+Ave,+Pittsburgh,+PA&amp;aq=0&amp;oq=uni&amp;sll=40.444261,-79.970448&amp;sspn=0.142165,0.251656&amp;ie=UTF8&amp;hq=University+of+Pittsburgh,+4200+Fifth+Ave,+Pittsburgh,+PA&amp;ll=40.443486,-79.958245&amp;spn=0.010798,0.021038&amp;t=m&amp;layer=c&amp;cbll=40.441775,-79.956671&amp;panoid=BgWQKMiSI1fpwP7JUF16Vg&amp;cbp=12,45.25,,0,-3.34&amp;output=svembed"></iframe><br /><small><a href="https://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&amp;source=embed&amp;hl=en&amp;geocode=&amp;q=University+of+Pittsburgh,+4200+Fifth+Ave,+Pittsburgh,+PA&amp;aq=0&amp;oq=uni&amp;sll=40.431368,-79.9805&amp;sspn=0.142165,0.251656&amp;ie=UTF8&amp;hq=University+of+Pittsburgh,+4200+Fifth+Ave,+Pittsburgh,+PA&amp;ll=40.443486,-79.958245&amp;spn=0.010798,0.021038&amp;t=m&amp;layer=c&amp;cbll=40.441775,-79.956671&amp;panoid=BgWQKMiSI1fpwP7JUF16Vg&amp;cbp=12,45.25,,0,-3.34" style="color:#0000FF;text-align:left">View Larger Map</a></small>',
  housing: '<iframe src="http://www.tour.pitt.edu/tour-categories/residence-halls" scrolling="no" height="820" width="900"></iframe>',
  food: '<div style="overflow: hidden; max-width: 1000px;"><iframe scrolling="no" src="http://www.pc.pitt.edu/dining/menus.php" style="margin-left: 0; height: 2000px; margin-top: -370px; margin-bottom: -375px; width: 750px;"></iframe></div>',
  weather: '<div style="overflow: hidden; max-width: 500px;"><iframe scrolling="no" src="http://www.weather.com/weather/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/USPA1290" style="margin-left: -40px; height: 1570px; margin-top: -490px; width: 500px;"></iframe></div>',
  dorms: 'Towers (fr.)|Sutherland (fr.)|Lothrop (fr.)|Nordenberg (fr.)|Holland (fr.)|Forbes (fr.; honors)|McCormick|Brackenridge|Amos|Bruce|Panther|Pennsylvania|Ruskin|Bouquet Gardens|Oakwood Apartments|Centre-Plaza Apartments|Forbes-Craig Apartments (honors)',
  science_majors: 'Actuarial Mathematics|Applied Mathematics|Bioinformatics|Biological Sciences|Chemistry*|Computer Science|Ecology and Evolution|Environmental Geology|Environmental Studies|Geology|History and Philosophy of Science|Linguistics*|Mathematics*|Mathematics-Economics|Mathematics-Philosophy|Microbiology|Molecular Biology|Natural Sciences Area|Neuroscience*|Physics*|Physics and Astronomy|Scientific Computing|Statistics',
  social_science_majors: 'Economics*|Economics–Statistics|History*|Political Science*|Politics-Philosophy|Psychology|Sociology*|Urban Studies',
  humanities_majors: 'Africana Studies*|Africana Studies–English|Anthropology|Chinese*|Classics*|English Literature*|English Writing|Film Studies*|French*|German|History of Art & Architecture|Humanities Area|Italian*|Italian Studies|Japanese*|Liberal Studies|Music*|Philosophy*|Religious Studies*|Russian|Slavic Studies|Spanish|Studio Arts*|Theatre Arts*',
  business_majors: 'Accounting|Finance|General Management|Global Management|Marketing',
  engineering_majors: 'Bioengineering*|Chemical Engineering*|Civil Engineering*|Computer Engineering|Electrical Engineering*|Engineering Physics|Industrial Engineering*|Materials Science and Engineering*|Mechanical Engineering*',
  professional_majors: 'Administration of Justice*|Applied Developmental Psychology|Architectural Studies|Athletic Training|Clinical Dietetics and Nutrition|Communication: Rhet & Comm|Communication Science|Dental Hygiene|Emergency Medicine|Health Information Management|Health Services|Health and Physical Activity|Information Science|Legal Studies*|Media and Professional Communications|Nursing|Pharmacy|Public Service*|Rehabilitation Science|Social Work*'
)
else
  # handle validation errors
end

@college= College.find_or_create_by_name!('Harvard')
if @college.update_attributes(
  url: 'harvard',
  public: 'Private',
  years: '4-year',
  category: 'National University',
  calendar: 'Semester',
  location: 'Cambridge, MA',
  setting: 'Small City (50-250k)',
  degrees: 'Bachelors, Masters, Doctoral',
  rotc: 'Air Force, Army, Navy',
  considered: 'Academic GPA|Alumni Relation|Application Essay|Character/Personal Qualities|Extracurricular Activities|First Generation College Student|Geographical Residence|Interview|Racial/Ethnic Status|Recommendations|Rigor of secondary school record|Standardized Test Scores|Talent/Ability|Volunteer Work|Work Experience',
  student_faculty: '7 to 1')
else
  # handle validation errors
end

我忽略了所有其他学院，目前我已经有200所学校的数据，但是只有匹兹堡大学具有全面的数据。其他学校只有基本的数据，例如哈佛大学。出于简洁起见，我也省略了一些匹兹堡大学的数据，但如果您希望我包含其余部分，请告诉我。

编辑：我尝试删除从science_majors开始的所有*，然后运行rake db:seed，但这没有改变任何东西。

- Adam Zerner

6个回答

66

添加

#encoding: utf-8

在文件顶部

- BvuRVKyUVlViVIc7

为什么现在我需要这样做，但以前我不需要？ - Adam Zerner

我刚试了一下，顺便说一句，它起作用了，谢谢！但我仍然想知道为什么以前一切都正常，现在我需要添加才能使其工作。 - Adam Zerner

1

也许您在文件中添加了一些特殊的UTF-8符号.. :) - BvuRVKyUVlViVIc7

我刚刚仔细阅读了另一个人的回答更新，发现它更加全面，所以我会将其标记为被接受的答案，但是我仍然非常感谢你的帮助！ - Adam Zerner

41

您还可以尝试如下命令：export RUBYOPT="-KU -E utf-8:utf-8"，该命令在这个GH thread中提到。

- lanwen

谢谢！只有这个能够帮助解决问题：shotgun-0.9.1/bin/shotgun:94:in `[]': invalid byte sequence in US-ASCII (ArgumentError) - Slava V

22

如果您在Ruby Docker容器中遇到此问题，则可以设置LANG=C.UTF-8：

docker run -it --rm -e LANG=C.UTF-8 ruby ...

或者查看此问题。

- laktak

如果您要创建自己的Docker镜像，请在Dockerfile中添加“ENV LANG=C.UTF-8”。请参考此答案中的链接。 - Alex

7

像其他人建议的那样，我在文件顶部（在这种情况下是seed.rb）添加了#encoding: utf-8，但仍然无法使rake任务正常工作。

有趣的是，一位朋友建议我从种子文件的顶部删除额外的、rails生成的注释，以便只剩下#encoding: utf-8。

你知道吗——它成功了。

- cheshireoctopus

1

您的种子文件中存在无效字符，在我的情况下，将单引号从`更改为'即可解决。

- Aldo Solis Zenteno

网页内容由stack overflow 提供, 点击上面的

可以查看英文原文，
原文链接

- zeantsoi · Accepted Answer

由于您添加的日期中可能包含先前数据种子中不存在的新字符（可能是在HTML实体编码映射URL中），所以您会收到编码错误。您的文件系统未配置为对其进行编码，因此出现了这个错误。

以下操作将通过在您的计算机上设置UTF-8语言环境来解决此错误：

# from your command line
export LANG=en_US.UTF-8
export LANGUAGE=en_US.UTF-8
export LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8
bundle

设置系统语言环境的好处是，以后所有的gem都将使用UTF-8编码进行捆绑。

编辑：

或者，如果您不想更改系统编码，可以通过在Gemfile中指定编码标准来在整个项目范围内设置编码：

if RUBY_VERSION =~ /1.9/ # assuming you're running Ruby ~1.9
  Encoding.default_external = Encoding::UTF_8
  Encoding.default_internal = Encoding::UTF_8
end