如何在所有浏览器中获取XmlHttpRequest对象的最简单和最安全的方法?不使用任何额外的库。您是否经常使用代码片段?
P.S. 我知道互联网上有大量的示例,但这正是我提问的原因:有太多不同的示例,我只想要一些简单且经过验证的代码。
不考虑使用jQuery等其他库。 为什么jquery内存泄漏如此严重?
如何在所有浏览器中获取XmlHttpRequest对象的最简单和最安全的方法?不使用任何额外的库。您是否经常使用代码片段?
P.S. 我知道互联网上有大量的示例,但这正是我提问的原因:有太多不同的示例,我只想要一些简单且经过验证的代码。
不考虑使用jQuery等其他库。 为什么jquery内存泄漏如此严重?
虽然我建议使用完整的库来使使用更加容易,但在现代浏览器中进行 AJAX 请求可以非常简单:
var req = new XMLHttpRequest();
req.onreadystatechange = function(){
if(this.readyState == 4){
alert('Status code: ' + this.status);
// The response content is in this.responseText
}
}
req.open('GET', '/some-url', true);
req.send();
以下代码片段是基于quirksmode.org的一个更高级的片段,甚至支持比 Internet Explorer 7 更旧的浏览器:
function sendRequest(url,callback,postData) {
var req = createXMLHTTPObject();
if (!req) return;
var method = (postData) ? "POST" : "GET";
req.open(method,url,true);
// Setting the user agent is not allowed in most modern browsers It was
// a requirement for some Internet Explorer versions a long time ago.
// There is no need for this header if you use Internet Explorer 7 or
// above (or any other browser)
// req.setRequestHeader('User-Agent','XMLHTTP/1.0');
if (postData)
req.setRequestHeader('Content-type','application/x-www-form-urlencoded');
req.onreadystatechange = function () {
if (req.readyState != 4) return;
if (req.status != 200 && req.status != 304) {
// alert('HTTP error ' + req.status);
return;
}
callback(req);
}
if (req.readyState == 4) return;
req.send(postData);
}
var XMLHttpFactories = [
function () {return new XMLHttpRequest()},
function () {return new ActiveXObject("Msxml3.XMLHTTP")},
function () {return new ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP.6.0")},
function () {return new ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP.3.0")},
function () {return new ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP")},
function () {return new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP")}
];
function createXMLHTTPObject() {
var xmlhttp = false;
for (var i=0;i<XMLHttpFactories.length;i++) {
try {
xmlhttp = XMLHttpFactories[i]();
}
catch (e) {
continue;
}
break;
}
return xmlhttp;
}
req.setRequestHeader('User-Agent','XMLHTTP/1.0');
这行代码是否必要?最新版的 Chrome 会忽略它。 - ikarinew XMLHttpRequest()
,任何不支持它的浏览器都不适合现代互联网。 - Wolph如所要求,简单易行且经过验证:
function Xhr(){ /* returns cross-browser XMLHttpRequest, or null if unable */
try {
return new XMLHttpRequest();
}catch(e){}
try {
return new ActiveXObject("Msxml3.XMLHTTP");
}catch(e){}
try {
return new ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP.6.0");
}catch(e){}
try {
return new ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP.3.0");
}catch(e){}
try {
return new ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP");
}catch(e){}
try {
return new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
}catch(e){}
return null;
}
将其折叠成一行,我们得到:
function Xhr(){
try{return new XMLHttpRequest();}catch(e){}try{return new ActiveXObject("Msxml3.XMLHTTP");}catch(e){}try{return new ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP.6.0");}catch(e){}try{return new ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP.3.0");}catch(e){}try{return new ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP");}catch(e){}try{return new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");}catch(e){}return null;
}
我不太确定你的问题,但如果你想要一个能够在所有浏览器中使用的XMLHTTP实例的函数,我们已经在我们的本地ajax库中使用了多年,而且在任何浏览器中都没有出现过问题。
function getXMLHTTP() {
var alerted;
var xmlhttp;
/*@cc_on @*/
/*@if (@_jscript_version >= 5)
// JScript gives us Conditional compilation, we can cope with old IE versions.
try {
xmlhttp=new ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP")
} catch (e) {
try {
xmlhttp=new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP")
} catch (E) {
alert("You must have Microsofts XML parsers available")
}
}
@else
alert("You must have JScript version 5 or above.")
xmlhttp=false
alerted=true
@end @*/
if (!xmlhttp && !alerted) {
// Non ECMAScript Ed. 3 will error here (IE<5 ok), nothing I can
// realistically do about it, blame the w3c or ECMA for not
// having a working versioning capability in <SCRIPT> or
// ECMAScript.
try {
xmlhttp = new XMLHttpRequest();
} catch (e) {
alert("You need a browser which supports an XMLHttpRequest Object")
}
}
return xmlhttp
}
检测IE:
function detectIE() {
var ua = window.navigator.userAgent,
msie = ua.indexOf('MSIE '),
trident = ua.indexOf('Trident/'),
edge = ua.indexOf('Edge/');
if (msie > 0) {return parseInt(ua.substring(msie + 5, ua.indexOf('.', msie)), 10);}
if (trident > 0) {var rv = ua.indexOf('rv:');return parseInt(ua.substring(rv + 3, ua.indexOf('.', rv)), 10);}
if (edge > 0) {return parseInt(ua.substring(edge + 5, ua.indexOf('.', edge)), 10);}
return false;
}
var url = "https://query.yahooapis.com/v1/public/yql?q=select%20*%20from%20weather.forecast%20where%20woeid%20in%20(select%20woeid%20from%20geo.places(1)%20where%20text%3D%27pune%2Cmh%27)&format=json&env=store%3A%2F%2Fdatatables.org%2Falltableswithke"
if (window.XDomainRequest && detectIE()) {
var xdr = new XDomainRequest();
xdr.open("GET", url, false);
xdr.onload = function () {
var res = JSON.parse(xdr.responseText);
if (res == null || typeof (res) == 'undefined')
{
res = JSON.parse(data.firstChild.textContent);
}
publishData(res);
};
xdr.send();
} else {
var xmlhttp = new XMLHttpRequest();
xmlhttp.onreadystatechange = function() {
if (xmlhttp.readyState == 4) {
if (xmlhttp.status == 200 || xmlhttp.status == 304) {
publishData(JSON.parse(xmlhttp.responseText));
} else {
setTimeout(function(){ console.log("Request failed!") }, 0);
}
}
}
xmlhttp.open("GET", url, true);
xmlhttp.send();
}
function publishData(data){
console.log(data); //Response
}
完整示例可以在这里找到