背景
我正在创建一个脚本,使用PowerCLI进行大规模的OVF导出,使用的是VMware的ovftool。该脚本通过执行以下功能来实现:
- 通过PowerCLI参数,获取vCenter地址,导出要求的VMs命名方案以及OVFs应该导出到哪里
- 连接到vCenter实例
- 将符合指定命名方案的所有VM放入列表中
- 循环遍历该列表,并使用ovftool和已构建的VM路径将每个VM导出为ovf文件
脚本:VMs-to-OVF.ps1
# Take in vCenter address, naming scheme of VMs to be exported, and where the OVFs should be exported
param (
[string]$vcenter = $(throw "
vCenter address required.`n
Example:`n
.\VMs-to-OVF.ps1 -vcenter <192.168.1.200>`n
.\VMs-to-OVF.ps1 -vcenter <vcenter.test.com>"),
[string]$vmNamingScheme = $(throw "
VM naming scheme required.`n
Example:`n
.\VMs-to-OVF.ps1 -vcenter <vcenterIP/DNS> -vmPath </DATACENTER/vm/`n
test/> -vmNamingScheme <test-vm-1>`n
.\VMs-to-OVF.ps1 -vcenter <vcenterIP/DNS> -vmPath </DATACENTER/vm/`n
test/> -vmNamingScheme <test-vm-*>`n"),
[string]$exportLocation = $(throw "
Export location required.`n
Example:`n
.\VMs-to-OVF.ps1 -vcenter <vcenterIP/DNS> -vmPath </DATACENTER/vm/`n
test/> -vmNamingScheme <test-vm-1> -exportLocation 192.168.1.100:\`n
.\VMs-to-OVF.ps1 -vcenter <vcenterIP/DNS> -vmPath </DATACENTER/vm/`n
test/> -vmNamingScheme <test-vm-*> -exportLocation X:\`n")
)
# Connect to vCenter
Connect-VIServer -Server $vcenter
# $VMs is an array of VM names that will be exported
# $vmNamingScheme gives the VM naming pattern we are looking for
$VMs = $(get-vm -name $vmNamingScheme | select name | format-list | out-string)
$VMs = $VMs.replace("Name : ","")
$VMs = $VMs.replace(" ","")
$VMs = $VMs.split("`n")
$VMs = $VMs|?{$_ -ne $VMs[1]}
# This loop iterates through the $VMs array and performs an OVF export, to the location
# specified in $exportLocation, for each VM name in the array
# $vmPath is comprised of the path to the VM and $VM holds the actual VM name
foreach ($VM in $VMs){
if ($VMs -ne $null){
# ***THIS SCRIPT ASSUMES THE get-vmfolderpath SCRIPT IS IN THE SAME DIRECTORY AS ITSELF***
# get the folder path of the VM using the get-vmfolderpath script (this will align with
# the path in vSphere Folders and Templates view)
$vmPath = "get-vm -name $VM | .\get-vmfolderpath.ps1"
&$vmPath
# ***THIS SCRIPT ASSUMES THE DEFAULT INSTALL PATH FOR THE ovftool PROGRAM
# run the ovftool command with the proper arguments
&'C:\Program Files\VMware\VMware OVF Tool\ovftool.exe' vi://$vcenter$vmPath$VM $exportLocation
}
}
Accompanying Script: get-vmfolderpath
param(
[Parameter(Mandatory=$true, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName=$true)]
[string]$folderid,
[switch]$moref
)
$folderparent=get-view $folderid
if ($folderparent.name -ne 'vm'){
if($moref){
$path=$folderparent.moref.toString()+'\'+$path
}
else{
$path=$folderparent.name+'\'+$path
}
if ($folderparent.parent){
if($moref){
get-vmfolderpath $folderparent.parent.tostring() -moref
}
else{
get-vmfolderpath($folderparent.parent.tostring())
}
}
}
else {
if ($moref){
return (get-view $folderparent.parent).moref.tostring()+"\"+$folderparent.moref.tostring()+"\"+$path
}
else {
return (get-view $folderparent.parent).name.toString()+'\'+$folderparent.name.toString()+'\'+$path
}
}
错误
如果将文本复制并粘贴到PowerCLI控制台中,则for循环的每个迭代中构建的ovftool命令将起作用,但是在直接从脚本运行时不起作用。当从脚本中运行定制的ovftool命令时,将产生以下错误:
The term 'get-vm -name VM-NAME | .\get-vmfolderpath.ps1' is not
recognized as the name of a cmdlet, function, script file, or operable
program. Check the spelling of the name, or if a path was included, verify
that the path is correct and try again.At
C:\Users\username\Desktop\VMs-to-OVF.ps1:85 char:4
+ &$vmPath
+ ~~~~~~~
+ CategoryInfo : ObjectNotFound: (get-vm -name CA...mfolderpath.p
s1:String) [], CommandNotFoundException
+ FullyQualifiedErrorId : CommandNotFoundException
我已经检查的事项:
- "get-vm -name vm_name | .\get-vmfolderpath.ps1" 命令在 PowerCLI 控制台中直接运行,可以返回正确的虚拟机路径。
- 所有变量输出了预期值。
- 如果在脚本中生成的完整 ovftool 命令在 PowerCLI 控制台中运行,则可以正确地导出虚拟机。
ovftool
而不是Export-vApp
?当此操作失败时,$vmpath
的确切值是多少?你似乎还遇到了除ovftool
调用之外的其他参数问题。 - Etan Reisner$vmPath = "get-vm -name $VM | .\get-vmfolderpath.ps1"
,然后执行&$vmPath
。我收到的错误略有不同。我已经更新了帖子中的错误块。此外,我不知道 Export-vApp 可以用于导出OVFs。这是真的吗? - Chris WillisGet-VM VM with name 'VM-NAME' was note found using specified filter(s).
另外,如果我使用命令:Export-VApp -Destination $exportLocation -VM $VM
,我会得到错误提示:Export-VApp: Could not find find VirtualMachine with name VM-NAME
。我开始怀疑是不是我传递虚拟机名称时有误或其他问题。现在我只能猜测了。 - Chris WillisVM-NAME
是什么?您能够使用Get-VM
并获取到您期望的虚拟机吗?Export-VApp
命令中的-VM
标志需要一个虚拟机对象而不是一个字符串。因此,我不太清楚在那种情况下错误的含义是什么(除非您可能使用了视图,并且该虚拟机从视图中移动/更改了位置)。 - Etan ReisnerGet-VM -Name "Unique VM Name"
。它是否有效?如果有效,可以使用Export-VApp -Name "Unique VM Name"
吗?您可以使用$vm = Get-VM -Name "Unique VM Name"; Export-VApp -VM $vm
吗?我不知道您目前在测试中使用的虚拟机名称是什么,但它只是虚拟机的名称,不是路径,也不是 moref 等。 - Etan Reisner