Django 文件上传: [Errno 13] 权限被拒绝:'/static'

8

我正在尝试在Django中上传多个文件。在我使用Django内置服务器的本地计算机上,一切正常,但在生产服务器上,我遇到了以下错误:

[Errno 13] Permission denied: '/static'

这个问题有很多疑问,但我没有找到任何解决方法。在我的情况下,这与文件权限无关。我发现问题是django想要将文件保存在文件系统的根文件夹中,而不是网站的根文件夹中。如果我在“/static”中创建文件夹,则文件将在那里创建,但例如图像不会显示在网页上,因为django希望它们在“/var/www/webpage-root/static/…”中。
我使用模型来存储文件:
class Document(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=100, blank=True, null=False)
    document = models.FileField(upload_to='static/bachelor/documents/', max_length=500, blank=True, null=True)

并以这种方式保存它们:
if form.is_valid():
    data = request.FILES['document']
    doc = Document(document=data)
    doc.save()

根据这里描述的方式: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/http/file-uploads/ 我使用Apache和mod_wsgi。apache文件如下:
<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerAdmin user@webpage.de
    ServerName webpage.de
    ServerAlias www.webpage.de
    DocumentRoot /var/www/webpage

    Alias /media /var/www/webpage/webpage/
    Alias /static /var/www/webpage/static/

    <Directory /var/www/webpage>
        Order allow,deny
        Allow from all
    </Directory>

    WSGIScriptAlias / /var/www/webpage/apache/webpage.wsgi
    <Directory /var/www/webpage>
            Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
            AllowOverride None
            Order allow,deny
            allow from all
    </Directory>

    ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/webpage-error.log

    # Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit,
    # alert, emerg.
    LogLevel warn

    CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/webpage-access.log combined
</VirtualHost>

我的网站设置文件:

# Absolute filesystem path to the directory that will hold user-uploaded files.
# Example: "/var/www/example.com/media/"
MEDIA_ROOT = ''

# URL that handles the media served from MEDIA_ROOT. Make sure to use a
# trailing slash.
# Examples: "http://example.com/media/", "http://media.example.com/"
MEDIA_URL = ''

# Absolute path to the directory static files should be collected to.
# Don't put anything in this directory yourself; store your static files
# in apps' "static/" subdirectories and in STATICFILES_DIRS.
# Example: "/var/www/example.com/static/"
STATIC_ROOT = ''

# URL prefix for static files.
# Example: "http://example.com/static/", "http://static.example.com/"
STATIC_URL = '/static/'

# Additional locations of static files
STATICFILES_DIRS = (
    '/var/www/website/static/',
    '/home/michael/Development/website/static/',
    # Put strings here, like "/home/html/static" or "C:/www/django/static".
    # Always use forward slashes, even on Windows.
    # Don't forget to use absolute paths, not relative paths.
)

# List of finder classes that know how to find static files in
# various locations.
STATICFILES_FINDERS = (
    'django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.FileSystemFinder',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.AppDirectoriesFinder',
    # 'django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.DefaultStorageFinder',
)

我不得不在STATICFILES_DIRS中设置两个不同的路径,因为我已经在我的服务器上遇到了无法提供静态文件的问题。有了这两行代码,我可以在我的开发机器和公共服务器(运行Apache)上提供静态文件。

我在配置中是否漏掉了什么或者出现了什么问题?我不知道为什么Apache想要将文件上传到/static而不是/var/www/website/static,但我认为这可能是由于我的Apache配置出现了问题……

有人有想法或者能帮助我吗?

非常感谢!

3个回答

10

您上传的媒体文件的Apache配置:

Alias /media /var/www/webpage/webpage/

与您的Django设置不同步:

# Absolute filesystem path to the directory that will hold user-uploaded files.
# Example: "/var/www/example.com/media/"
MEDIA_ROOT = ''

# URL that handles the media served from MEDIA_ROOT. Make sure to use a
# trailing slash.
# Examples: "http://example.com/media/", "http://media.example.com/"
MEDIA_URL = ''

根据您的Apache配置,您应该拥有MEDIA_ROOT = '/var/www/webpage/webpage/'MEDIA_URL = '/media/'


2
你需要更改静态文件夹的所有权。使用根用户尝试“sudo chown -R yourusername:yourgroupname /projectfolder/static”。

1
我做的时候也遇到了同样的错误。
  python manage.py collectstatic

在这种情况下,static_url和static_root具有相同的路径“”

如果出现此错误,请选择不同的目录并重试

那样就解决了我的问题


这个对我有用:sudo python3 manage.py collectstatic - blessed

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