我正在尝试在Django中上传多个文件。在我使用Django内置服务器的本地计算机上,一切正常,但在生产服务器上,我遇到了以下错误:
[Errno 13] Permission denied: '/static'
这个问题有很多疑问,但我没有找到任何解决方法。在我的情况下,这与文件权限无关。我发现问题是django想要将文件保存在文件系统的根文件夹中,而不是网站的根文件夹中。如果我在“/static”中创建文件夹,则文件将在那里创建,但例如图像不会显示在网页上,因为django希望它们在“/var/www/webpage-root/static/…”中。
我使用模型来存储文件:
class Document(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(max_length=100, blank=True, null=False)
document = models.FileField(upload_to='static/bachelor/documents/', max_length=500, blank=True, null=True)
并以这种方式保存它们:
if form.is_valid():
data = request.FILES['document']
doc = Document(document=data)
doc.save()
根据这里描述的方式: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/http/file-uploads/ 我使用Apache和mod_wsgi。apache文件如下:
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerAdmin user@webpage.de
ServerName webpage.de
ServerAlias www.webpage.de
DocumentRoot /var/www/webpage
Alias /media /var/www/webpage/webpage/
Alias /static /var/www/webpage/static/
<Directory /var/www/webpage>
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
</Directory>
WSGIScriptAlias / /var/www/webpage/apache/webpage.wsgi
<Directory /var/www/webpage>
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
AllowOverride None
Order allow,deny
allow from all
</Directory>
ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/webpage-error.log
# Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit,
# alert, emerg.
LogLevel warn
CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/webpage-access.log combined
</VirtualHost>
我的网站设置文件:
# Absolute filesystem path to the directory that will hold user-uploaded files.
# Example: "/var/www/example.com/media/"
MEDIA_ROOT = ''
# URL that handles the media served from MEDIA_ROOT. Make sure to use a
# trailing slash.
# Examples: "http://example.com/media/", "http://media.example.com/"
MEDIA_URL = ''
# Absolute path to the directory static files should be collected to.
# Don't put anything in this directory yourself; store your static files
# in apps' "static/" subdirectories and in STATICFILES_DIRS.
# Example: "/var/www/example.com/static/"
STATIC_ROOT = ''
# URL prefix for static files.
# Example: "http://example.com/static/", "http://static.example.com/"
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
# Additional locations of static files
STATICFILES_DIRS = (
'/var/www/website/static/',
'/home/michael/Development/website/static/',
# Put strings here, like "/home/html/static" or "C:/www/django/static".
# Always use forward slashes, even on Windows.
# Don't forget to use absolute paths, not relative paths.
)
# List of finder classes that know how to find static files in
# various locations.
STATICFILES_FINDERS = (
'django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.FileSystemFinder',
'django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.AppDirectoriesFinder',
# 'django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.DefaultStorageFinder',
)
我不得不在STATICFILES_DIRS中设置两个不同的路径,因为我已经在我的服务器上遇到了无法提供静态文件的问题。有了这两行代码,我可以在我的开发机器和公共服务器(运行Apache)上提供静态文件。
我在配置中是否漏掉了什么或者出现了什么问题?我不知道为什么Apache想要将文件上传到/static而不是/var/www/website/static,但我认为这可能是由于我的Apache配置出现了问题……
有人有想法或者能帮助我吗?
非常感谢!
sudo python3 manage.py collectstatic
。 - blessed