在FFT图中检测峰值

Question

在FFT图中检测峰值

5

我想知道如何在Python中检测FFT图中的新峰值。假设我有这个简单的图：

我想自动测量噪声信号中的“相似性”或峰值位置，我尝试使用余弦相似度，但我的真实信号太嘈杂了，即使我向信号添加一个新峰，由于只有一个峰，我仍然得到0.9的余弦相似度。这是我的真实信号示例，并且我也有一个问题，我的信号可以在测量范围内移动，所以我无法获得稳定的频率数组，它们可以在+/- 100 Hz的窗口内：

这是我用于第一个图的代码：

import numpy as np
from pylab import *
import scipy.fftpack

# Number of samplepoints
N = 600
# sample spacing
T = 1.0 / 800.0
x = np.linspace(0.0, N*T, N)
y1 = np.sin(50.0 * 2.0*np.pi*x) + 0.5*np.sin(80.0 * 2.0*np.pi*x)+ 0.7*np.sin(30.0 * 2.0*np.pi*x)+ 0.5*np.sin(10.0 * 2.0*np.pi*x)
y2 = np.sin(50.0 * 2.0*np.pi*x) + 0.5*np.sin(80.0 * 2.0*np.pi*x)+ 0.2*np.sin(60.0 * 2.0*np.pi*x)+ 0.4*np.sin(40.0 * 2.0*np.pi*x)
yf1 = scipy.fftpack.fft(y1)
yf2 = scipy.fftpack.fft(y2)
xf = np.linspace(0.0, 1.0/(2.0*T), N/2)

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
plot(xf, 2.0/N * np.abs(yf1[:N/2]))
plot(xf, 2.0/N * np.abs(yf2[:N/2]))
xlabel('Freq (Hz)',fontsize=16,weight='bold')
ylabel('|Y(freq)|',fontsize=16,weight='bold')
ax = gca()
fontsize = 14
for tick in ax.xaxis.get_major_ticks():
    tick.label1.set_fontsize(fontsize)
    tick.label1.set_fontweight('bold')
for tick in ax.yaxis.get_major_ticks():
    tick.label1.set_fontsize(fontsize)
    tick.label1.set_fontweight('bold')
grid(True)
show()
def cosine_similarity(v1,v2):
    "compute cosine similarity of v1 to v2: (v1 dot v2)/{||v1||*||v2||)"
    sumxx, sumxy, sumyy = 0, 0, 0
    for i in range(len(v1)):
        x = v1[i]; y = v2[i]
        sumxx += x*x
        sumyy += y*y
        sumxy += x*y
    return sumxy/math.sqrt(sumxx*sumyy)

print 'Cosine Similarity', cosine_similarity(2.0/N * np.abs(yf1[:N/2]),2.0/N * np.abs(yf2[:N/2]))

我也考虑过设置一个阈值，但有时真实信号中的峰值可能比预定义的阈值小。

有什么想法吗？

- Mehdi

1个回答

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可以查看英文原文，
原文链接

- Elad Joseph · Accepted Answer

有很多方法可以找到峰值，甚至可以插值它们的子样本位置。一旦你有了峰值，只需检查是否找到新的峰值。

你可以使用peakutils包来找到峰值。你可以在那里设置阈值和峰值之间的最小距离。

import numpy as np
from pylab import *
import scipy.fftpack

# Number of samplepoints
N = 600
# sample spacing
T = 1.0 / 800.0
x = np.linspace(0.0, N*T, N)
y1 = np.sin(50.0 * 2.0*np.pi*x) + 0.5*np.sin(80.0 * 2.0*np.pi*x)+ 0.7*np.sin(30.0 * 2.0*np.pi*x)+ 0.5*np.sin(10.0 * 2.0*np.pi*x)
y2 = np.sin(50.0 * 2.0*np.pi*x) + 0.5*np.sin(80.0 * 2.0*np.pi*x)+ 0.2*np.sin(60.0 * 2.0*np.pi*x)+ 0.4*np.sin(40.0 * 2.0*np.pi*x)
yf1 = scipy.fftpack.fft(y1)
yf2 = scipy.fftpack.fft(y2)
xf = np.linspace(0.0, 1.0/(2.0*T), N/2)

v1 = 2.0/N * np.abs(yf1[:N/2])
v2 = 2.0/N * np.abs(yf2[:N/2])

# Find peaks
import peakutils
peaks_ind1 = peakutils.indexes(v1, thres=0.2, min_dist=5)
peaks_ind2 = peakutils.indexes(v2, thres=0.2, min_dist=5)

dist_th_for_new_peaks = 3
new_peaks = []
for p in peaks_ind2:
    found_new_peak = np.all(np.abs(p - peaks_ind1) > dist_th_for_new_peaks)
    if found_new_peak:
        new_peaks.append(p)
        print("New Peak!! - %d" % p)

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
plot(xf, v1, color='blue')
plot(xf, v2, color='green')
for p in peaks_ind1:
    ax.scatter(xf[p], v1[p], s=40, marker='s', color='blue', label='v1')
for p in peaks_ind2:
    ax.scatter(xf[p], v2[p], s=40, marker='s', color='green', label='v2')    
for p in new_peaks:
    ax.scatter(xf[p], v2[p], s=40, marker='s', color='red', label='new peaks')        

xlabel('Freq (Hz)',fontsize=16,weight='bold')
ylabel('|Y(freq)|',fontsize=16,weight='bold')

ax = gca()
fontsize = 14
for tick in ax.xaxis.get_major_ticks():
    tick.label1.set_fontsize(fontsize)
    tick.label1.set_fontweight('bold')
for tick in ax.yaxis.get_major_ticks():
    tick.label1.set_fontsize(fontsize)
    tick.label1.set_fontweight('bold')
ax.set_xlim([0,400])
ax.set_ylim([0,0.8])
grid(True)
show()

红色的正方形是在绿色信号中发现的新峰值：