如何使用代理进行pip安装

Question

我尝试了这个命令。

pip install --proxy="username:password@192.168.1.1:3128" packagename

错误信息显示：

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "/usr/local/python3.5/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pip-1.5.5-py3.5.egg/pip/basecommand.py", line 122, in main
    status = self.run(options, args)
File "/usr/local/python3.5/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pip-1.5.5-py3.5.egg/pip/commands/install.py", line 278, in run
    requirement_set.prepare_files(finder, force_root_egg_info=self.bundle, bundle=self.bundle)
File "/usr/local/python3.5/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pip-1.5.5-py3.5.egg/pip/req.py", line 1177, in prepare_files
    url = finder.find_requirement(req_to_install, upgrade=self.upgrade)
File "/usr/local/python3.5/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pip-1.5.5-py3.5.egg/pip/index.py", line 194, in find_requirement
    page = self._get_page(main_index_url, req)
File "/usr/local/python3.5/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pip-1.5.5-py3.5.egg/pip/index.py", line 568, in _get_page
    session=self.session,
File "/usr/local/python3.5/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pip-1.5.5-py3.5.egg/pip/index.py", line 670, in get_page
    resp = session.get(url, headers={"Accept": "text/html"})
File "/usr/local/python3.5/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pip-1.5.5-py3.5.egg/pip/_vendor/requests/sessions.py", line 395, in get
    return self.request('GET', url, **kwargs)
File "/usr/local/python3.5/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pip-1.5.5-py3.5.egg/pip/download.py", line 237, in request
    return super(PipSession, self).request(method, url, *args, **kwargs)
File "/usr/local/python3.5/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pip-1.5.5-py3.5.egg/pip/_vendor/requests/sessions.py", line 383, in request
    resp = self.send(prep, **send_kwargs)
File "/usr/local/python3.5/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pip-1.5.5-py3.5.egg/pip/_vendor/requests/sessions.py", line 486, in send
    r = adapter.send(request, **kwargs)
File "/usr/local/python3.5/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pip-1.5.5-py3.5.egg/pip/_vendor/requests/adapters.py", line 305, in send
    conn = self.get_connection(request.url, proxies)
File "/usr/local/python3.5/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pip-1.5.5-py3.5.egg/pip/_vendor/requests/adapters.py", line 206, in get_connection
    except_on_missing_scheme(proxy)
File "/usr/local/python3.5/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pip-1.5.5-py3.5.egg/pip/_vendor/requests/utils.py", line 631, in except_on_missing_scheme
    raise MissingSchema('Proxy URLs must have explicit schemes.')
pip._vendor.requests.exceptions.MissingSchema: Proxy URLs must have explicit schemes.

顺便提一下，我记得如果用户名或密码中有像"."这样的标点符号，必须替换为其他字符，但我忘了是什么。有人能提醒我一下吗？谢谢！

- Kevin Ni

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请始终记得正确格式化您的问题。 :) - Shamas S

一个解决方法可能是设置环境变量 http_proxy 和 https_proxy。 - pkuphy

谢谢您的建议，我已经在 /etc/profile 中设置了 http_proxy 和 https_proxy 并导出它们，但是没有任何改变。 - Kevin Ni

终于找到解决方案了~ 我的pip版本太低了，只有1.5。我更新了最新版本9.x，然后设置了http_proxy和https_proxy，接着输入命令：pip install packagename --trusted-host pypi.python.org - Kevin Ni

@KevinNi 很高兴这可以帮到你 :) 从异常信息中我们可以看到代理URL必须有明确的方案，因此你需要运行 pip install --proxy="http://username:password@192.168.1.1:3128" packagename。注意添加了 http://。 - pkuphy

咱还是讲中文吧哈哈哈哈，wo zai shang hai~ - Kevin Ni

Answer 1

我也曾经遇到这个问题。在尝试了很多次使用pip和easy_install代理设置后，我放弃了，并从这里下载了whl文件并安装了它们：

pip install SomePackage-1.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl

- Miro