我和我的同事一直尝试让我的Macbook可以通过ssh连接到我们的AWS生产服务器,但是一直没有成功。这在几个月前曾经成功过,但是昨天再次尝试时却一直出现以下错误信息。
(在下面的部分中,我已经用占位符替换了我的用户名和主机名)
$ ssh titan-data
Load key "/Users/aronlilland/.ssh/id_rsa.pub": invalid format
user@my_ip_address: Permission denied (publickey).
相关配置文件数据
<!-- config file -->
Host titan-data
HostName my_ip_address
User user
IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
AddKeysToAgent yes
我已经尽可能地完成了每一步来让它再次正常工作,以下是我按顺序完成的步骤:
步骤1)确保在服务器上添加了.pub文件
这一步骤被反复执行了多次,我在此过程中重新生成了我的.pub文件4次。看起来错误是本地问题,而不是服务器问题,如果我错了,有人需要纠正我。
步骤2)检查以下文件夹和文件是否具有正确的权限
drwx------ 6 aronlilland staff 192B Jan 18 09:41 .ssh/
drwx------ 6 aronlilland staff 192B Jan 18 09:41 ./
drwxr-xr-x+ 104 aronlilland staff 3.3K Jan 16 16:09 ../
-rw-r--r-- 1 aronlilland staff 114B Jan 18 09:37 config
-rw------- 1 aronlilland staff 1.7K Jan 18 09:41 id_rsa
-r--------@ 1 aronlilland staff 414B Jan 18 09:41 id_rsa.pub
-rw-r--r-- 1 aronlilland staff 4.6K Jan 18 09:48 known_hosts
这没有任何作用来修复错误消息。
步骤3) 删除了我的id_rsa文件和id_rsa.pub文件并重新生成了一个新的,让我的同事将新的.pub文件添加到服务器中
- 我生成密钥的第一种方法是运行
ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "your_email@example.com"
,如github文档中为生成新SSH密钥所建议的。- 通过我的同事将新的pub文件添加到服务器中,但仍然无法解决问题。
- 我删除旧文件后生成.pub文件的第二种方式是运行
ssh-keygen -t rsa
,如joyent手动在OSX上生成ssh密钥的文档中所建议的。- 仍然得到相同的错误消息。
步骤4) 用homebrew升级ssh
步骤5) 从我的“known hosts”文件中删除IP地址(抓狂)
没有任何作用,只需再次确认IP地址即可。
编辑1)
我最近做的一件事是我安装了另一个版本的Python,我记得在安装过程中看到了错误消息,因此我的计算机上安装了两个版本的Python。我不确定这是否会对ssh造成任何问题。
$ python -V
Python 2.7.10
$ python3 -V
Python 3.6.4
$ brew doctor
Please note that these warnings are just used to help the Homebrew maintainers
with debugging if you file an issue. If everything you use Homebrew for is
working fine: please don't worry or file an issue; just ignore this.
Thanks!
Warning: Python is installed at /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework
Homebrew only supports building against the System-provided Python or a
brewed Python. In particular, Pythons installed to /Library can interfere
with other software installs.
编辑2)
根据评论中Alfabravo的建议,将-v
添加到ssh命令中。
aronlilland:.ssh$ ssh titan-data -v
OpenSSH_7.6p1, OpenSSL 1.0.2n 7 Dec 2017
debug1: Reading configuration data /Users/aronlilland/.ssh/config
debug1: /Users/aronlilland/.ssh/config line 1: Applying options for titan-data
debug1: Reading configuration data /usr/local/etc/ssh/ssh_config
debug1: Connecting to my_ip_address [my_ip_address] port 22.
debug1: Connection established.
debug1: identity file /Users/aronlilland/.ssh/id_rsa.pub type 0
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /Users/aronlilland/.ssh/id_rsa.pub-cert type -1
debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_7.6
debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_7.2p2 Ubuntu-4ubuntu2.2
debug1: match: OpenSSH_7.2p2 Ubuntu-4ubuntu2.2 pat OpenSSH* compat 0x04000000
debug1: Authenticating to my_ip_address:22 as 'user'
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received
debug1: kex: algorithm: curve25519-sha256@libssh.org
debug1: kex: host key algorithm: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256
debug1: kex: server->client cipher: chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com MAC: <implicit> compression: none
debug1: kex: client->server cipher: chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com MAC: <implicit> compression: none
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_REPLY
debug1: Server host key: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256 SHA256:2l8QDc7x/fyzshKaU32jj9MeFtMAccu25MZBFNQuStQ
debug1: Host 'my_ip_address' is known and matches the ECDSA host key.
debug1: Found key in /Users/aronlilland/.ssh/known_hosts:19
debug1: rekey after 134217728 blocks
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received
debug1: rekey after 134217728 blocks
debug1: SSH2_MSG_EXT_INFO received
debug1: kex_input_ext_info: server-sig-algs=<rsa-sha2-256,rsa-sha2-512>
debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey
debug1: Next authentication method: publickey
debug1: Offering public key: RSA SHA256:MuOjm+6gAzaxGr/n/If4LVjk/0H5/VT6zvib9/9C7c8 /Users/aronlilland/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
debug1: Server accepts key: pkalg rsa-sha2-512 blen 279
Load key "/Users/aronlilland/.ssh/id_rsa.pub": invalid format
debug1: No more authentication methods to try.
user@my_ip_address: Permission denied (publickey).
aronlilland:.ssh$
修改 3)
检查 .pub 文件是否是有效的格式。
aronlilland:.ssh$ ssh-keygen -l -f id_rsa.pub
2048 SHA256:MuOjm+6gAzaxGr/n/If4LVjk/0H5/VT6zvib9/9C7c8 aronlilland@arons-mbp.cacc.local (RSA)
aronlilland:.ssh$ touch foo.txt
aronlilland:.ssh$ ls
config foo.txt id_rsa id_rsa.pub known_hosts
aronlilland:.ssh$ ssh-keygen -l -f foo.txt
foo.txt is not a public key file.
编辑4)
确认我的id_rsa密钥和id_rsa.pub公钥有效(我删掉了我的ssh-rsa密钥的结尾,在网上没有必要包含它)
aronlilland:.ssh$ ssh-keygen -y -f id_rsa
Enter passphrase:
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQA .......
确认更新文件权限后访问权限未发生变化(我尝试了0444、444、0644、644以确保)。
aronlilland:.ssh$ chmod 0444 id_rsa.pub
aronlilland:.ssh$ ssh titan-data
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
@ WARNING: UNPROTECTED PRIVATE KEY FILE! @
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
Permissions 0444 for '/Users/aronlilland/.ssh/id_rsa.pub' are too open.
It is required that your private key files are NOT accessible by others.
This private key will be ignored.
Load key "/Users/aronlilland/.ssh/id_rsa.pub": bad permissions
user@my_ip_address: Permission denied (publickey).
另一个
aronlilland:.ssh$ chmod 0644 id_rsa.pub
aronlilland:.ssh$ ssh titan-data
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
@ WARNING: UNPROTECTED PRIVATE KEY FILE! @
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
Permissions 0644 for '/Users/aronlilland/.ssh/id_rsa.pub' are too open.
It is required that your private key files are NOT accessible by others.
This private key will be ignored.
Load key "/Users/aronlilland/.ssh/id_rsa.pub": bad permissions
user@my_ip_address: Permission denied (publickey).
将其设置回chmod 400 id_rsa.pub
编辑5)
运行-vv
aronlilland:.ssh$ chmod 400 id_rsa.pub
aronlilland:.ssh$ ssh titan-data -vv
OpenSSH_7.6p1, OpenSSL 1.0.2n 7 Dec 2017
debug1: Reading configuration data /Users/aronlilland/.ssh/config
debug1: /Users/aronlilland/.ssh/config line 1: Applying options for titan-data
debug1: Reading configuration data /usr/local/etc/ssh/ssh_config
debug2: resolving "my_ip_address" port 22
debug2: ssh_connect_direct: needpriv 0
debug1: Connecting to my_ip_address [my_ip_address] port 22.
debug1: Connection established.
debug1: identity file /Users/aronlilland/.ssh/id_rsa.pub type 0
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /Users/aronlilland/.ssh/id_rsa.pub-cert type -1
debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_7.6
debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_7.2p2 Ubuntu-4ubuntu2.2
debug1: match: OpenSSH_7.2p2 Ubuntu-4ubuntu2.2 pat OpenSSH* compat 0x04000000
debug2: fd 3 setting O_NONBLOCK
debug1: Authenticating to my_ip_address:22 as 'user'
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received
debug2: local client KEXINIT proposal
debug2: KEX algorithms: curve25519-sha256,curve25519-sha256@libssh.org,ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group16-sha512,diffie-hellman-group18-sha512,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha256,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,ext-info-c
debug2: host key algorithms: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256-cert-v01@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384-cert-v01@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521-cert-v01@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521,ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com,ssh-rsa-cert-v01@openssh.com,ssh-ed25519,rsa-sha2-512,rsa-sha2-256,ssh-rsa
debug2: ciphers ctos: chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com,aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,aes128-gcm@openssh.com,aes256-gcm@openssh.com
debug2: ciphers stoc: chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com,aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,aes128-gcm@openssh.com,aes256-gcm@openssh.com
debug2: MACs ctos: umac-64-etm@openssh.com,umac-128-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-etm@openssh.com,umac-64@openssh.com,umac-128@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1
debug2: MACs stoc: umac-64-etm@openssh.com,umac-128-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-etm@openssh.com,umac-64@openssh.com,umac-128@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1
debug2: compression ctos: none,zlib@openssh.com,zlib
debug2: compression stoc: none,zlib@openssh.com,zlib
debug2: languages ctos:
debug2: languages stoc:
debug2: first_kex_follows 0
debug2: reserved 0
debug2: peer server KEXINIT proposal
debug2: KEX algorithms: curve25519-sha256@libssh.org,ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1
debug2: host key algorithms: ssh-rsa,rsa-sha2-512,rsa-sha2-256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ssh-ed25519
debug2: ciphers ctos: chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com,aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,aes128-gcm@openssh.com,aes256-gcm@openssh.com
debug2: ciphers stoc: chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com,aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,aes128-gcm@openssh.com,aes256-gcm@openssh.com
debug2: MACs ctos: umac-64-etm@openssh.com,umac-128-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-etm@openssh.com,umac-64@openssh.com,umac-128@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1
debug2: MACs stoc: umac-64-etm@openssh.com,umac-128-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-etm@openssh.com,umac-64@openssh.com,umac-128@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1
debug2: compression ctos: none,zlib@openssh.com
debug2: compression stoc: none,zlib@openssh.com
debug2: languages ctos:
debug2: languages stoc:
debug2: first_kex_follows 0
debug2: reserved 0
debug1: kex: algorithm: curve25519-sha256@libssh.org
debug1: kex: host key algorithm: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256
debug1: kex: server->client cipher: chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com MAC: <implicit> compression: none
debug1: kex: client->server cipher: chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com MAC: <implicit> compression: none
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_REPLY
debug1: Server host key: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256 SHA256:2l8QDc7x/fyzshKaU32jj9MeFtMAccu25MZBFNQuStQ
debug1: Host 'my_ip_address' is known and matches the ECDSA host key.
debug1: Found key in /Users/aronlilland/.ssh/known_hosts:19
debug2: set_newkeys: mode 1
debug1: rekey after 134217728 blocks
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received
debug2: set_newkeys: mode 0
debug1: rekey after 134217728 blocks
debug2: key: /Users/aronlilland/.ssh/id_rsa.pub (0x7fe9ff41c510), explicit
debug1: SSH2_MSG_EXT_INFO received
debug1: kex_input_ext_info: server-sig-algs=<rsa-sha2-256,rsa-sha2-512>
debug2: service_accept: ssh-userauth
debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey
debug1: Next authentication method: publickey
debug1: Offering public key: RSA SHA256:MuOjm+6gAzaxGr/n/If4LVjk/0H5/VT6zvib9/9C7c8 /Users/aronlilland/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply
debug1: Server accepts key: pkalg rsa-sha2-512 blen 279
debug2: input_userauth_pk_ok: fp SHA256:MuOjm+6gAzaxGr/n/If4LVjk/0H5/VT6zvib9/9C7c8
Load key "/Users/aronlilland/.ssh/id_rsa.pub": invalid format
debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method
debug1: No more authentication methods to try.
user@my_ip_address: Permission denied (publickey).
.pub
ж–Ү件дёҚжҳҜиә«д»ҪйӘҢиҜҒж–Ү件пјҲIdentityFileпјүпјҢдҪ еә”иҜҘеңЁй…ҚзҪ®ж–Ү件дёӯж”ҫзҪ®id_rsa
иҖҢдёҚжҳҜid_rsa.pub
гҖӮ - Charles Duffy.ssh/id_rsa.pub
文件了吗?它说格式无效,而你没有在这里发布它...你能发一下吗?最有可能的事情是你不知道地编辑了它并且毁掉了它。 - Luis Colorado