我正在寻找使用openpyxl插入电子表格行的最佳方法。
实际上，我有一个包含标题行的电子表格（Excel 2007），然后是最多几千行数据。我希望将该行插入为实际数据的第一行，即在标题行之后。我的理解是，append函数适合将内容添加到文件的末尾。
阅读openpyxl和xlrd（以及xlwt）的文档后，除了手动循环遍历内容并插入所需行后，我找不到任何明确的操作方式。
鉴于我对Python的经验有限，我试图了解这是否确实是最佳选项（最符合Python风格！），如果是，是否可以提供一个明确的示例。具体而言，我能否使用openpyxl读取和写入行，还是必须访问单元格？此外，我能否（覆盖）写入同一文件（名称）？
== 根据这里的反馈，更新为完全功能版本：groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/openpyxl-users/wHGecdQg3Iw。 ==
正如其他人指出的那样，openpyxl不提供此功能，但我已经扩展了Worksheet类来实现插入行。希望这对他人有用。
def insert_rows(self, row_idx, cnt, above=False, copy_style=True, fill_formulae=True):
"""Inserts new (empty) rows into worksheet at specified row index.
:param row_idx: Row index specifying where to insert new rows.
:param cnt: Number of rows to insert.
:param above: Set True to insert rows above specified row index.
:param copy_style: Set True if new rows should copy style of immediately above row.
:param fill_formulae: Set True if new rows should take on formula from immediately above row, filled with references new to rows.
Usage:
* insert_rows(2, 10, above=True, copy_style=False)
"""
CELL_RE = re.compile("(?P<col>\$?[A-Z]+)(?P<row>\$?\d+)")
row_idx = row_idx - 1 if above else row_idx
def replace(m):
row = m.group('row')
prefix = "$" if row.find("$") != -1 else ""
row = int(row.replace("$",""))
row += cnt if row > row_idx else 0
return m.group('col') + prefix + str(row)
# First, we shift all cells down cnt rows...
old_cells = set()
old_fas = set()
new_cells = dict()
new_fas = dict()
for c in self._cells.values():
old_coor = c.coordinate
# Shift all references to anything below row_idx
if c.data_type == Cell.TYPE_FORMULA:
c.value = CELL_RE.sub(
replace,
c.value
)
# Here, we need to properly update the formula references to reflect new row indices
if old_coor in self.formula_attributes and 'ref' in self.formula_attributes[old_coor]:
self.formula_attributes[old_coor]['ref'] = CELL_RE.sub(
replace,
self.formula_attributes[old_coor]['ref']
)
# Do the magic to set up our actual shift
if c.row > row_idx:
old_coor = c.coordinate
old_cells.add((c.row,c.col_idx))
c.row += cnt
new_cells[(c.row,c.col_idx)] = c
if old_coor in self.formula_attributes:
old_fas.add(old_coor)
fa = self.formula_attributes[old_coor].copy()
new_fas[c.coordinate] = fa
for coor in old_cells:
del self._cells[coor]
self._cells.update(new_cells)
for fa in old_fas:
del self.formula_attributes[fa]
self.formula_attributes.update(new_fas)
# Next, we need to shift all the Row Dimensions below our new rows down by cnt...
for row in range(len(self.row_dimensions)-1+cnt,row_idx+cnt,-1):
new_rd = copy.copy(self.row_dimensions[row-cnt])
new_rd.index = row
self.row_dimensions[row] = new_rd
del self.row_dimensions[row-cnt]
# Now, create our new rows, with all the pretty cells
row_idx += 1
for row in range(row_idx,row_idx+cnt):
# Create a Row Dimension for our new row
new_rd = copy.copy(self.row_dimensions[row-1])
new_rd.index = row
self.row_dimensions[row] = new_rd
for col in range(1,self.max_column):
col = get_column_letter(col)
cell = self.cell('%s%d'%(col,row))
cell.value = None
source = self.cell('%s%d'%(col,row-1))
if copy_style:
cell.number_format = source.number_format
cell.font = source.font.copy()
cell.alignment = source.alignment.copy()
cell.border = source.border.copy()
cell.fill = source.fill.copy()
if fill_formulae and source.data_type == Cell.TYPE_FORMULA:
s_coor = source.coordinate
if s_coor in self.formula_attributes and 'ref' not in self.formula_attributes[s_coor]:
fa = self.formula_attributes[s_coor].copy()
self.formula_attributes[cell.coordinate] = fa
# print("Copying formula from cell %s%d to %s%d"%(col,row-1,col,row))
cell.value = re.sub(
"(\$?[A-Z]{1,3}\$?)%d"%(row - 1),
lambda m: m.group(1) + str(row),
source.value
)
cell.data_type = Cell.TYPE_FORMULA
# Check for Merged Cell Ranges that need to be expanded to contain new cells
for cr_idx, cr in enumerate(self.merged_cell_ranges):
self.merged_cell_ranges[cr_idx] = CELL_RE.sub(
replace,
cr
)
Worksheet.insert_rows = insert_rows
针对更近期的 openpyxl 版本（v2.5+），现在提供了新的方法 insert_rows() 和 insert_cols()。
insert_rows(idx, amount=1)在行号为 idx 的行之前插入一行或多行。
以下是我现在使用的代码来实现所需结果。请注意，我手动在位置1处插入了行，但这应该很容易调整以满足特定需求。您也可以轻松地调整此代码以插入多个行，并从相关位置开始填充其余数据。
此外，请注意，由于下游依赖项，我们手动指定来自'Sheet1'的数据，并将数据复制到一个新工作表中，该工作表插入到工作簿的开头，同时将原始工作表重命名为'Sheet1.5'。
编辑：我后来还添加了一些更改到format_code，以解决默认复制操作会删除所有格式的问题：new_cell.style.number_format.format_code ='mm/dd/yyyy'。我找不到任何文档说明它是可设置的，这更多是试错的情况！
最后，请不要忘记此示例正在保存覆盖原始文件。您可以根据需要更改保存路径以避免这种情况。
import openpyxl
wb = openpyxl.load_workbook(file)
old_sheet = wb.get_sheet_by_name('Sheet1')
old_sheet.title = 'Sheet1.5'
max_row = old_sheet.get_highest_row()
max_col = old_sheet.get_highest_column()
wb.create_sheet(0, 'Sheet1')
new_sheet = wb.get_sheet_by_name('Sheet1')
# Do the header.
for col_num in range(0, max_col):
new_sheet.cell(row=0, column=col_num).value = old_sheet.cell(row=0, column=col_num).value
# The row to be inserted. We're manually populating each cell.
new_sheet.cell(row=1, column=0).value = 'DUMMY'
new_sheet.cell(row=1, column=1).value = 'DUMMY'
# Now do the rest of it. Note the row offset.
for row_num in range(1, max_row):
for col_num in range (0, max_col):
new_sheet.cell(row = (row_num + 1), column = col_num).value = old_sheet.cell(row = row_num, column = col_num).value
wb.save(file)
从openpyxl 1.5开始，您现在可以使用.insert_rows(idx, row_qty)来插入行。
from openpyxl import load_workbook
wb = load_workbook('excel_template.xlsx')
ws = wb.active
ws.insert_rows(14, 10)
如果您在Excel中手动操作，它不会捕捉idx行的格式。因此，您需要在之后应用正确的格式，例如单元格颜色。
在进行行或列级别操作时，Openpyxl工作表的功能受到限制。与行/列相关的Worksheet属性仅为row_dimensions和column_dimensions，它们分别为每行和每列存储“RowDimensions”和“ColumnDimensions”对象。这些字典也用于类似get_highest_row()和get_highest_column()的函数中。
其他所有操作都是在单元格级别上进行的，单元格对象在字典_cells中被跟踪（其样式在字典_styles中被跟踪）。看起来像在行或列级别上执行任何操作的大多数函数实际上是在一系列单元格上操作的（例如前面提到的append()）。
最简单的方法是创建一个新工作表，附加标题行，附加新数据行，附加旧数据行，删除旧工作表，然后将新工作表重命名为旧工作表。这种方法可能会导致行/列维度属性和单元格样式丢失，除非您也明确复制它们。
或者，您可以创建自己的插入行或列的函数。
我有许多非常简单的工作表需要从中删除列。由于您要求明确的示例，我将提供我快速组合的函数：
from openpyxl.cell import get_column_letter
def ws_delete_column(sheet, del_column):
for row_num in range(1, sheet.get_highest_row()+1):
for col_num in range(del_column, sheet.get_highest_column()+1):
coordinate = '%s%s' % (get_column_letter(col_num),
row_num)
adj_coordinate = '%s%s' % (get_column_letter(col_num + 1),
row_num)
# Handle Styles.
# This is important to do if you have any differing
# 'types' of data being stored, as you may otherwise get
# an output Worksheet that's got improperly formatted cells.
# Or worse, an error gets thrown because you tried to copy
# a string value into a cell that's styled as a date.
if adj_coordinate in sheet._styles:
sheet._styles[coordinate] = sheet._styles[adj_coordinate]
sheet._styles.pop(adj_coordinate, None)
else:
sheet._styles.pop(coordinate, None)
if adj_coordinate in sheet._cells:
sheet._cells[coordinate] = sheet._cells[adj_coordinate]
sheet._cells[coordinate].column = get_column_letter(col_num)
sheet._cells[coordinate].row = row_num
sheet._cells[coordinate].coordinate = coordinate
sheet._cells.pop(adj_coordinate, None)
else:
sheet._cells.pop(coordinate, None)
# sheet.garbage_collect()
import openpyxl
file = "xyz.xlsx"
#loading XL sheet bassed on file name provided by user
book = openpyxl.load_workbook(file)
#opening sheet whose index no is 0
sheet = book.worksheets[0]
#insert_rows(idx, amount=1) Insert row or rows before row==idx, amount will be no of
#rows you want to add and it's optional
sheet.insert_rows(13)
对于插入列，openpyxl也有类似的函数，即insert_cols（idx，amount = 1）
该函数的每一行都有注释，但如果您只想插入一行，请将您的行设置为[row]。例如，如果row = [1,2,3,4,5]，则将输入设置为[[1,2,3,4,5]]。如果您希望将此行插入到电子表格的顶行（A1），则Start = [1,1]。
您确实可以像我在底部的示例中看到的那样覆盖文件名。
def InputList(Start, List): #This function is to input an array/list from a input start point; len(Start) must equal 2, where Start = [1,1] is cell 1A. List must be a two dimensional array; if you wish to input a single row then this can be done where len(List) == 1, e.g. List = [[1,2,3,4]]
x = 0 #Sets up a veriable to go through List columns
y = 0 #Sets up a veriable to go through List rows
l = 0 #Sets up a veriable to count addional columns against Start[1] to allow for column reset on each new row
for row in List: #For every row in List
l = 0 #Set additonal columns to zero
for cell in row: #For every cell in row
ws.cell(row=Start[0], column=Start[1]).value = List[y][x] #Set value for current cell
x = x + 1 #Move to next data input (List) column
Start[1] = Start[1] + 1 #Move to next Excel column
l = l + 1 #Count addional row length
y = y + 1 #Move to next Excel row
Start[0] = Start[0] + 1 #Move to next Excel row
x = 0 #Move back to first column of input data (ready for next row)
Start[1] = Start[1] - l #Reset Excel column back to orignal start column, ready to write next row
在第7行的开头插入单个行的示例：
from openpyxl import load_workbook
wb = load_workbook('New3.xlsx')
ws = wb.active
def InputList(Start, List): #This function is to input an array/list from a input start point; len(Start) must equal 2, where Start = [1,1] is cell 1A. List must be a two dimensional array; if you wish to input a single row then this can be done where len(List) == 1, e.g. List = [[1,2,3,4]]
x = 0 #Sets up a veriable to go through List columns
y = 0 #Sets up a veriable to go through List rows
l = 0 #Sets up a veriable to count addional columns against Start[1] to allow for column reset on each new row
for row in List: #For every row in List
l = 0 #Set additonal columns to zero
for cell in row: #For every cell in row
ws.cell(row=Start[0], column=Start[1]).value = List[y][x] #Set value for current cell
x = x + 1 #Move to next data input (List) column
Start[1] = Start[1] + 1 #Move to next Excel column
l = l + 1 #Count addional row length
y = y + 1 #Move to next Excel row
Start[0] = Start[0] + 1 #Move to next Excel row
x = 0 #Move back to first column of input data (ready for next row)
Start[1] = Start[1] - l #Reset Excel column back to orignal start column, ready to write next row
test = [[1,2,3,4]]
InputList([7,1], test)
wb.save('New3.xlsx')
def insert_rows(self, row_idx, cnt, above=False, copy_style=True, fill_formulae=True):
skip_list = []
try:
idx = row_idx - 1 if above else row_idx
for (new, old) in zip(range(self.max_row+cnt,idx+cnt,-1),range(self.max_row,idx,-1)):
for c_idx in range(1,self.max_column):
col = self.cell(row=1, column=c_idx).column #get_column_letter(c_idx)
print("Copying %s%d to %s%d."%(col,old,col,new))
source = self["%s%d"%(col,old)]
target = self["%s%d"%(col,new)]
if source.coordinate in skip_list:
continue
if source.coordinate in self.merged_cells:
# This is a merged cell
for _range in self.merged_cell_ranges:
merged_cells_list = [x for x in cells_from_range(_range)][0]
if source.coordinate in merged_cells_list:
skip_list = merged_cells_list
self.unmerge_cells(_range)
new_range = re.sub(str(old),str(new),_range)
self.merge_cells(new_range)
break
if source.data_type == Cell.TYPE_FORMULA:
target.value = re.sub(
"(\$?[A-Z]{1,3})%d"%(old),
lambda m: m.group(1) + str(new),
source.value
)
else:
target.value = source.value
target.number_format = source.number_format
target.font = source.font.copy()
target.alignment = source.alignment.copy()
target.border = source.border.copy()
target.fill = source.fill.copy()
idx = idx + 1
for row in range(idx,idx+cnt):
for c_idx in range(1,self.max_column):
col = self.cell(row=1, column=c_idx).column #get_column_letter(c_idx)
#print("Clearing value in cell %s%d"%(col,row))
cell = self["%s%d"%(col,row)]
cell.value = None
source = self["%s%d"%(col,row-1)]
if copy_style:
cell.number_format = source.number_format
cell.font = source.font.copy()
cell.alignment = source.alignment.copy()
cell.border = source.border.copy()
cell.fill = source.fill.copy()
if fill_formulae and source.data_type == Cell.TYPE_FORMULA:
#print("Copying formula from cell %s%d to %s%d"%(col,row-1,col,row))
cell.value = re.sub(
"(\$?[A-Z]{1,3})%d"%(row - 1),
lambda m: m.group(1) + str(row),
source.value
)
我试过这个，行得通：
openpyxl.worksheet.worksheet.Worksheet.insert_rows(wbs,idx=row,amount=2)
在行==idx之前插入2行
参见：http://openpyxl.readthedocs.io/en/stable/api/openpyxl.worksheet.worksheet.html
我成功地使用了Dallas's的答案，尽管对于openpyxl 3.0.9，我进行了一些修改。我在这里发布代码，以供其他人在2022年想知道如何做到这一点。
区别在于：
Cell.TYPE_FORMULA更改为TYPE_FORMULAstr()或int()我是Python的新手，所以请随时提出任何更改建议，但这是我让它工作的方法。
import copy
import re
from openpyxl.utils import get_column_letter
from openpyxl.cell.cell import TYPE_FORMULA
#https://dev59.com/0mQm5IYBdhLWcg3w2R1J
def insert_rows(self, row_idx, cnt, above=True, copy_style=True, fill_formulae=True):
"""Inserts new (empty) rows into worksheet at specified row index.
:param self: Worksheet
:param row_idx: Row index specifying where to insert new rows.
:param cnt: Number of rows to insert.
:param above: Set True to insert rows above specified row index.
:param copy_style: Set True if new rows should copy style of immediately above row.
:param fill_formulae: Set True if new rows should take on formula from immediately above row, filled with references new to rows.
Usage:
* insert_rows(2, 10, above=True, copy_style=False)
"""
CELL_RE = re.compile("(?P<col>\$?[A-Z]+)(?P<row>\$?\d+)")
row_idx = row_idx - 1 if above else row_idx
def replace(m):
row = m.group('row')
prefix = "$" if row.find("$") != -1 else ""
row = int(row.replace("$",""))
row += cnt if row > row_idx else 0
return m.group('col') + prefix + str(row)
# First, we shift all cells down cnt rows...
old_cells = set()
old_fas = set()
new_cells = dict()
new_fas = dict()
for c in self._cells.values():
old_coor = c.coordinate
# Shift all references to anything below row_idx
if c.data_type == TYPE_FORMULA:
c.value = CELL_RE.sub(
replace,
c.value
)
# Here, we need to properly update the formula references to reflect new row indices
if old_coor in self.formula_attributes and 'ref' in self.formula_attributes[old_coor]:
self.formula_attributes[old_coor]['ref'] = CELL_RE.sub(
replace,
self.formula_attributes[old_coor]['ref']
)
# Do the magic to set up our actual shift
if c.row > row_idx:
old_coor = c.coordinate
old_cells.add((c.row,c.column))
c.row += cnt
new_cells[(c.row,c.column)] = c
if old_coor in self.formula_attributes:
old_fas.add(old_coor)
fa = self.formula_attributes[old_coor].copy()
new_fas[c.coordinate] = fa
for coor in old_cells:
del self._cells[coor]
self._cells.update(new_cells)
for fa in old_fas:
del self.formula_attributes[fa]
self.formula_attributes.update(new_fas)
# Next, we need to shift all the Row Dimensions below our new rows down by cnt...
for row in range(len(self.row_dimensions)-1+cnt,row_idx+cnt,-1):
new_rd = copy.copy(self.row_dimensions[row-cnt])
new_rd.index = row
self.row_dimensions[row] = new_rd
del self.row_dimensions[row-cnt]
# Now, create our new rows, with all the pretty cells
row_idx += 1
for row in range(row_idx,row_idx+cnt):
# Create a Row Dimension for our new row
new_rd = copy.copy(self.row_dimensions[row-1])
new_rd.index = row
self.row_dimensions[row] = new_rd
for col in range(1,self.max_column):
col = get_column_letter(col)
cell = self[str(col)+str(row)]
cell.value = None
source = self[str(col)+str(row-1)]
if copy_style:
cell.number_format = source.number_format
cell.font = copy.copy(source.font)
cell.alignment = copy.copy(source.alignment)
cell.border = copy.copy(source.border)
cell.fill = copy.copy(source.fill)
if fill_formulae and source.data_type == TYPE_FORMULA:
s_coor = source.coordinate
if s_coor in self.formula_attributes and 'ref' not in self.formula_attributes[s_coor]:
fa = self.formula_attributes[s_coor].copy()
self.formula_attributes[cell.coordinate] = fa
# print("Copying formula from cell %s%d to %s%d"%(col,row-1,col,row))
cell.value = re.sub(
"(\$?[A-Z]{1,3}\$?)%d"%(row - 1),
lambda m: m.group(1) + str(row),
source.value
)
cell.data_type = TYPE_FORMULA
# Check for Merged Cell Ranges that need to be expanded to contain new cells
for cr_idx, cr in enumerate(self.merged_cells.ranges):
self.merged_cells.ranges[cr_idx] = CELL_RE.sub(
replace,
str(cr)
)
# Update all defined names
wb :Workbook = self.parent
for definedName in wb.defined_names.definedName:
ref :str = definedName.attr_text
parts = ref.split("!")
if parts[0].strip("'") == self.title:
definedName.attr_text = CELL_RE.sub(replace, ref)