为什么Django使用django.views.static.serve缓存我的静态文件？

Question

我在本地开发服务器上设置了静态文件服务，但似乎会缓存静态文件（例如CSS、JavaScript和图像），直到我重新启动服务器。我没有使用Apache，并且我的缓存设置如下：

CACHES = {
    'default': {
        'BACKEND': 'django.core.cache.backends.dummy.DummyCache',
    }
}

完全删除缓存声明似乎也没有帮助。

在我从旧的1.1版本升级到1.2.5之前，这种情况并未发生。

每次更新样式时都必须重新启动开发服务器（通过触摸python文件或通过命令行），这很麻烦。

编辑 - 如建议所述，我已添加了settings.py和url.py。

Settings.py

# Django settings for zeiss_elearning project.
from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
gettext = lambda s: s

DEBUG = True
TEMPLATE_DEBUG = DEBUG

ADMINS = (
    ('Jason Roy', '###'),
)

#Email settings

EMAIL_HOST = '###'
EMAIL_HOST_USER = '[e-mail]'
EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD = '####'
DEFAULT_FROM_EMAIL = '[e-mail]'
MANAGERS = ADMINS

DATABASES = {
'default': {
    'ENGINE' : 'django.db.backends.mysql',   
    'NAME' : '###',
    'USER' : '###',
    'PASSWORD' : '###',
    'HOST' : '/Applications/MAMP/tmp/mysql/mysql.sock',
}
}

TIME_ZONE = 'America/Tijuana'


LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'

SITE_ID = 1

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

MEDIA_DEBUG_DOC_ROOT = '/Users/jason/Bird Takes Bear/Projects/Carl Zeiss/site 2.0/media'
MEDIA_ROOT = '/Users/jason/Bird Takes Bear/Projects/Carl Zeiss/site 2.0/media'

MEDIA_URL = '/static_files/'

ADMIN_MEDIA_PREFIX = '/media/admin/'

# Make this unique, and don't share it with anybody.
SECRET_KEY = '####'

# List of callables that know how to import templates from various sources.
TEMPLATE_LOADERS = (
    'django.template.loaders.filesystem.Loader',
    'django.template.loaders.app_directories.Loader',
#     'django.template.loaders.eggs.Loader',
)

MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = (
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.cache.UpdateCacheMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.doc.XViewMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'cms.middleware.page.CurrentPageMiddleware', 
    'cms.middleware.user.CurrentUserMiddleware', 
    'cms.middleware.toolbar.ToolbarMiddleware',
    'cms.middleware.media.PlaceholderMediaMiddleware',
    #'django.middleware.cache.FetchFromCacheMiddleware',
    #'debug_toolbar.middleware.DebugToolbarMiddleware',
)

ROOT_URLCONF = 'zeiss_elearning.urls'

TEMPLATE_CONTEXT_PROCESSORS = (
    'django.core.context_processors.auth', 
    'django.core.context_processors.i18n', 
    'django.core.context_processors.request', 
    'django.core.context_processors.media', 
    'cms.context_processors.media',
)

TEMPLATE_DIRS = (,
    '/Users/jason/Bird Takes Bear/Projects/Carl Zeiss/site 2.0/templates',
    '/Users/jason/Bird Takes Bear/Projects/Carl Zeiss/site 2.0/cms/templates',
)

SESSION_COOKIE_AGE = 86400

LOGIN_URL = '/membership/login/'

LOGIN_REDIRECT_URL = "/"

AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS = ( 
    'zeiss_elearning.shared.email_auth.EmailBackend',
    'django.contrib.auth.backends.ModelBackend',
)
AUTH_PROFILE_MODULE = 'membership.UserProfile'
FORCE_SCRIPT_NAME = ''

INSTALLED_APPS = (
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.sites',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'cms',
    'cms.plugins.text',
    'cms.plugins.picture',
    'cms.plugins.link',
    'cms.plugins.file',
    'cms.plugins.snippet',
    'cms.plugins.googlemap',
    'cms.plugins.zeiss_video',
    'cms.plugins.html',
    'cms.plugins.quiz',
    'cms.plugins.popup',
    'mptt',
    'publisher',
    'zeiss_elearning.forms',
    'zeiss_elearning.membership',
    'zeiss_elearning.quiz',
    'menus',
    'south',
)
INTERNAL_IPS = ('127.0.0.1',)

#CMS Settings


CMS_REDIRECTS = True
CMS_MENU_TITLE_OVERWRITE = True
CMS_DBGETTEXT = False

CMS_DEFAULT_TEMPLATE = 'base.html'
CMS_ALLOW_HTML_TITLES = False

CMS_TEMPLATES = (
    ('base.html', _('Default')),
    ('cirrus.html', _('Cirrus')),
    ('atlas.html', _('Atlas')),
)

# Site title for your template
CMS_SITE_TITLE = 'Zeiss Cirrus'

CMS_LANGUAGE_REDIRECT = False

CMS_LANGUAGES = (
    ('en', gettext('English')),
)
LANGUAGES = (
    ('en', gettext('English')),
)
CMS_APPLICATIONS_URLS = (
('zeiss_elearning.quiz.urls', 'Quiz')
)

urls.py

from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
from django.contrib import admin
from django.conf import settings

admin.autodiscover()

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    (r'^membership/', include('zeiss_elearning.membership.urls')),
    (r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),

)
urlpatterns += patterns('',
    url(r'^', include('cms.urls')),
)
if settings.DEBUG:
    urlpatterns += patterns('',
        (r'^static_files/(?P<path>.*)$', 'django.views.static.serve',
        {'document_root': settings.MEDIA_DEBUG_DOC_ROOT}),)

- Jason

---

你确定它们没有被浏览器缓存吗？ - Andrew Marshall

这是哪个浏览器？我知道Chrome有时会缓存，而在Firefox中按Ctrl-r将刷新到最新版本。在Web检查器的网络选项卡中看到了什么？ - ustun

你的浏览器正在请求媒体文件，而Django返回的是未修改响应？当你更改媒体文件时，是否更新了文件的修改时间？ - bradley.ayers

也许你可以分享你的urls.py和settings.py（根据需要进行清理）来展示你是如何处理静态文件服务的。 - Paul Bissex

你所说的dev server是指集成的Django开发服务器吗？另外，为添加urls.py和settings.py点赞，可以尝试使用wget或类似工具打开文件并检查头部信息。 - ashwoods

Answer 1

根据提供的数据，问题似乎是您的浏览器正在缓存媒体文件。解决此问题的推荐方法是在浏览器中超级刷新页面。请查看您帖子上的所有评论。

但是，如果您真的不想缓存媒体文件，可以将它们设置为始终唯一的名称。就像这样。

 <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/site_media/css/style.css?{% now "U" %}" />

现在每次重新加载页面时，文件名将根据Unix时间戳略有不同，强制浏览器始终重新加载它。

- Harmon Wood