这里的其他答案似乎表明以编程方式构建此列表是困难且充满陷阱的。但是,这样做可能是不必要的,因为自Python 2.3以来,文档中包含了Python支持的标准编码的完整列表。
您可以在以下位置找到这些列表(针对目前发布的每个稳定版本的语言):
以下是Python每个文档版本的列表。请注意,如果您想要向后兼容而不仅仅是支持特定版本的Python,则可以从最新版本的Python中复制列表,并在尝试使用之前
检查Python运行程序是否存在每种编码。
Python 2.3(59种编码)
['ascii',
'cp037',
'cp424',
'cp437',
'cp500',
'cp737',
'cp775',
'cp850',
'cp852',
'cp855',
'cp856',
'cp857',
'cp860',
'cp861',
'cp862',
'cp863',
'cp864',
'cp865',
'cp869',
'cp874',
'cp875',
'cp1006',
'cp1026',
'cp1140',
'cp1250',
'cp1251',
'cp1252',
'cp1253',
'cp1254',
'cp1255',
'cp1256',
'cp1257',
'cp1258',
'latin_1',
'iso8859_2',
'iso8859_3',
'iso8859_4',
'iso8859_5',
'iso8859_6',
'iso8859_7',
'iso8859_8',
'iso8859_9',
'iso8859_10',
'iso8859_13',
'iso8859_14',
'iso8859_15',
'koi8_r',
'koi8_u',
'mac_cyrillic',
'mac_greek',
'mac_iceland',
'mac_latin2',
'mac_roman',
'mac_turkish',
'utf_16',
'utf_16_be',
'utf_16_le',
'utf_7',
'utf_8']
Python 2.4(85种编码)
['ascii',
'big5',
'big5hkscs',
'cp037',
'cp424',
'cp437',
'cp500',
'cp737',
'cp775',
'cp850',
'cp852',
'cp855',
'cp856',
'cp857',
'cp860',
'cp861',
'cp862',
'cp863',
'cp864',
'cp865',
'cp866',
'cp869',
'cp874',
'cp875',
'cp932',
'cp949',
'cp950',
'cp1006',
'cp1026',
'cp1140',
'cp1250',
'cp1251',
'cp1252',
'cp1253',
'cp1254',
'cp1255',
'cp1256',
'cp1257',
'cp1258',
'euc_jp',
'euc_jis_2004',
'euc_jisx0213',
'euc_kr',
'gb2312',
'gbk',
'gb18030',
'hz',
'iso2022_jp',
'iso2022_jp_1',
'iso2022_jp_2',
'iso2022_jp_2004',
'iso2022_jp_3',
'iso2022_jp_ext',
'iso2022_kr',
'latin_1',
'iso8859_2',
'iso8859_3',
'iso8859_4',
'iso8859_5',
'iso8859_6',
'iso8859_7',
'iso8859_8',
'iso8859_9',
'iso8859_10',
'iso8859_13',
'iso8859_14',
'iso8859_15',
'johab',
'koi8_r',
'koi8_u',
'mac_cyrillic',
'mac_greek',
'mac_iceland',
'mac_latin2',
'mac_roman',
'mac_turkish',
'ptcp154',
'shift_jis',
'shift_jis_2004',
'shift_jisx0213',
'utf_16',
'utf_16_be',
'utf_16_le',
'utf_7',
'utf_8']
Python 2.5(86种编码)
['ascii',
'big5',
'big5hkscs',
'cp037',
'cp424',
'cp437',
'cp500',
'cp737',
'cp775',
'cp850',
'cp852',
'cp855',
'cp856',
'cp857',
'cp860',
'cp861',
'cp862',
'cp863',
'cp864',
'cp865',
'cp866',
'cp869',
'cp874',
'cp875',
'cp932',
'cp949',
'cp950',
'cp1006',
'cp1026',
'cp1140',
'cp1250',
'cp1251',
'cp1252',
'cp1253',
'cp1254',
'cp1255',
'cp1256',
'cp1257',
'cp1258',
'euc_jp',
'euc_jis_2004',
'euc_jisx0213',
'euc_kr',
'gb2312',
'gbk',
'gb18030',
'hz',
'iso2022_jp',
'iso2022_jp_1',
'iso2022_jp_2',
'iso2022_jp_2004',
'iso2022_jp_3',
'iso2022_jp_ext',
'iso2022_kr',
'latin_1',
'iso8859_2',
'iso8859_3',
'iso8859_4',
'iso8859_5',
'iso8859_6',
'iso8859_7',
'iso8859_8',
'iso8859_9',
'iso8859_10',
'iso8859_13',
'iso8859_14',
'iso8859_15',
'johab',
'koi8_r',
'koi8_u',
'mac_cyrillic',
'mac_greek',
'mac_iceland',
'mac_latin2',
'mac_roman',
'mac_turkish',
'ptcp154',
'shift_jis',
'shift_jis_2004',
'shift_jisx0213',
'utf_16',
'utf_16_be',
'utf_16_le',
'utf_7',
'utf_8',
'utf_8_sig']
Python 2.6(90种编码)
['ascii',
'big5',
'big5hkscs',
'cp037',
'cp424',
'cp437',
'cp500',
'cp737',
'cp775',
'cp850',
'cp852',
'cp855',
'cp856',
'cp857',
'cp860',
'cp861',
'cp862',
'cp863',
'cp864',
'cp865',
'cp866',
'cp869',
'cp874',
'cp875',
'cp932',
'cp949',
'cp950',
'cp1006',
'cp1026',
'cp1140',
'cp1250',
'cp1251',
'cp1252',
'cp1253',
'cp1254',
'cp1255',
'cp1256',
'cp1257',
'cp1258',
'euc_jp',
'euc_jis_2004',
'euc_jisx0213',
'euc_kr',
'gb2312',
'gbk',
'gb18030',
'hz',
'iso2022_jp',
'iso2022_jp_1',
'iso2022_jp_2',
'iso2022_jp_2004',
'iso2022_jp_3',
'iso2022_jp_ext',
'iso2022_kr',
'latin_1',
'iso8859_2',
'iso8859_3',
'iso8859_4',
'iso8859_5',
'iso8859_6',
'iso8859_7',
'iso8859_8',
'iso8859_9',
'iso8859_10',
'iso8859_13',
'iso8859_14',
'iso8859_15',
'iso8859_16',
'johab',
'koi8_r',
'koi8_u',
'mac_cyrillic',
'mac_greek',
'mac_iceland',
'mac_latin2',
'mac_roman',
'mac_turkish',
'ptcp154',
'shift_jis',
'shift_jis_2004',
'shift_jisx0213',
'utf_32',
'utf_32_be',
'utf_32_le',
'utf_16',
'utf_16_be',
'utf_16_le',
'utf_7',
'utf_8',
'utf_8_sig']
Python 2.7(93种编码)
['ascii',
'big5',
'big5hkscs',
'cp037',
'cp424',
'cp437',
'cp500',
'cp720',
'cp737',
'cp775',
'cp850',
'cp852',
'cp855',
'cp856',
'cp857',
'cp858',
'cp860',
'cp861',
'cp862',
'cp863',
'cp864',
'cp865',
'cp866',
'cp869',
'cp874',
'cp875',
'cp932',
'cp949',
'cp950',
'cp1006',
'cp1026',
'cp1140',
'cp1250',
'cp1251',
'cp1252',
'cp1253',
'cp1254',
'cp1255',
'cp1256',
'cp1257',
'cp1258',
'euc_jp',
'euc_jis_2004',
'euc_jisx0213',
'euc_kr',
'gb2312',
'gbk',
'gb18030',
'hz',
'iso2022_jp',
'iso2022_jp_1',
'iso2022_jp_2',
'iso2022_jp_2004',
'iso2022_jp_3',
'iso2022_jp_ext',
'iso2022_kr',
'latin_1',
'iso8859_2',
'iso8859_3',
'iso8859_4',
'iso8859_5',
'iso8859_6',
'iso8859_7',
'iso8859_8',
'iso8859_9',
'iso8859_10',
'iso8859_11',
'iso8859_13',
'iso8859_14',
'iso8859_15',
'iso8859_16',
'johab',
'koi8_r',
'koi8_u',
'mac_cyrillic',
'mac_greek',
'mac_iceland',
'mac_latin2',
'mac_roman',
'mac_turkish',
'ptcp154',
'shift_jis',
'shift_jis_2004',
'shift_jisx0213',
'utf_32',
'utf_32_be',
'utf_32_le',
'utf_16',
'utf_16_be',
'utf_16_le',
'utf_7',
'utf_8',
'utf_8_sig']
Python 3.0(89种编码)
['ascii',
'big5',
'big5hkscs',
'cp037',
'cp424',
'cp437',
'cp500',
'cp737',
'cp775',
'cp850',
'cp852',
'cp855',
'cp856',
'cp857',
'cp860',
'cp861',
'cp862',
'cp863',
'cp864',
'cp865',
'cp866',
'cp869',
'cp874',
'cp875',
'cp932',
'cp949',
'cp950',
'cp1006',
'cp1026',
'cp1140',
'cp1250',
'cp1251',
'cp1252',
'cp1253',
'cp1254',
'cp1255',
'cp1256',
'cp1257',
'cp1258',
'euc_jp',
'euc_jis_2004',
'euc_jisx0213',
'euc_kr',
'gb2312',
'gbk',
'gb18030',
'hz',
'iso2022_jp',
'iso2022_jp_1',
'iso2022_jp_2',
'iso2022_jp_2004',
'iso2022_jp_3',
'iso2022_jp_ext',
'iso2022_kr',
'latin_1',
'iso8859_2',
'iso8859_3',
'iso8859_4',
'iso8859_5',
'iso8859_6',
'iso8859_7',
'iso8859_8',
'iso8859_9',
'iso8859_10',
'iso8859_13',
'iso8859_14',
'iso8859_15',
'johab',
'koi8_r',
'koi8_u',
'mac_cyrillic',
'mac_greek',
'mac_iceland',
'mac_latin2',
'mac_roman',
'mac_turkish',
'ptcp154',
'shift_jis',
'shift_jis_2004',
'shift_jisx0213',
'utf_32',
'utf_32_be',
'utf_32_le',
'utf_16',
'utf_16_be',
'utf_16_le',
'utf_7',
'utf_8',
'utf_8_sig']
Python 3.1(90种编码)
['ascii',
'big5',
'big5hkscs',
'cp037',
'cp424',
'cp437',
'cp500',
'cp737',
'cp775',
'cp850',
'cp852',
'cp855',
'cp856',
'cp857',
'cp860',
'cp861',
'cp862',
'cp863',
'cp864',
'cp865',
'cp866',
'cp869',
'cp874',
'cp875',
'cp932',
'cp949',
'cp950',
'cp1006',
'cp1026',
'cp1140',
'cp1250',
'cp1251',
'cp1252',
'cp1253',
'cp1254',
'cp1255',
'cp1256',
'cp1257',
'cp1258',
'euc_jp',
'euc_jis_2004',
'euc_jisx0213',
'euc_kr',
'gb2312',
'gbk',
'gb18030',
'hz',
'iso2022_jp',
'iso2022_jp_1',
'iso2022_jp_2',
'iso2022_jp_2004',
'iso2022_jp_3',
'iso2022_jp_ext',
'iso2022_kr',
'latin_1',
'iso8859_2',
'iso8859_3',
'iso8859_4',
'iso8859_5',
'iso8859_6',
'iso8859_7',
'iso8859_8',
'iso8859_9',
'iso8859_10',
'iso8859_13',
'iso8859_14',
'iso8859_15',
'iso8859_16',
'johab',
'koi8_r',
'koi8_u',
'mac_cyrillic',
'mac_greek',
'mac_iceland',
'mac_latin2',
'mac_roman',
'mac_turkish',
'ptcp154',
'shift_jis',
'shift_jis_2004',
'shift_jisx0213',
'utf_32',
'utf_32_be',
'utf_32_le',
'utf_16',
'utf_16_be',
'utf_16_le',
'utf_7',
'utf_8',
'utf_8_sig']
Python 3.2(92种编码)
['ascii',
'big5',
'big5hkscs',
'cp037',
'cp424',
'cp437',
'cp500',
'cp720',
'cp737',
'cp775',
'cp850',
'cp852',
'cp855',
'cp856',
'cp857',
'cp858',
'cp860',
'cp861',
'cp862',
'cp863',
'cp864',
'cp865',
'cp866',
'cp869',
'cp874',
'cp875',
'cp932',
'cp949',
'cp950',
'cp1006',
'cp1026',
'cp1140',
'cp1250',
'cp1251',
'cp1252',
'cp1253',
'cp1254',
'cp1255',
'cp1256',
'cp1257',
'cp1258',
'euc_jp',
'euc_jis_2004',
'euc_jisx0213',
'euc_kr',
'gb2312',
'gbk',
'gb18030',
'hz',
'iso2022_jp',
'iso2022_jp_1',
'iso2022_jp_2',
'iso2022_jp_2004',
'iso2022_jp_3',
'iso2022_jp_ext',
'iso2022_kr',
'latin_1',
'iso8859_2',
'iso8859_3',
'iso8859_4',
'iso8859_5',
'iso8859_6',
'iso8859_7',
'iso8859_8',
'iso8859_9',
'iso8859_10',
'iso8859_13',
'iso8859_14',
'iso8859_15',
'iso8859_16',
'johab',
'koi8_r',
'koi8_u',
'mac_cyrillic',
'mac_greek',
'mac_iceland',
'mac_latin2',
'mac_roman',
'mac_turkish',
'ptcp154',
'shift_jis',
'shift_jis_2004',
'shift_jisx0213',
'utf_32',
'utf_32_be',
'utf_32_le',
'utf_16',
'utf_16_be',
'utf_16_le',
'utf_7',
'utf_8',
'utf_8_sig']
Python 3.3(93种编码)
['ascii',
'big5',
'big5hkscs',
'cp037',
'cp424',
'cp437',
'cp500',
'cp720',
'cp737',
'cp775',
'cp850',
'cp852',
'cp855',
'cp856',
'cp857',
'cp858',
'cp860',
'cp861',
'cp862',
'cp863',
'cp864',
'cp865',
'cp866',
'cp869',
'cp874',
'cp875',
'cp932',
'cp949',
'cp950',
'cp1006',
'cp1026',
'cp1140',
'cp1250',
'cp1251',
'cp1252',
'cp1253',
'cp1254',
'cp1255',
'cp1256',
'cp1257',
'cp1258',
'cp65001',
'euc_jp',
'euc_jis_2004',
'euc_jisx0213',
'euc_kr',
'gb2312',
'gbk',
'gb18030',
'hz',
'iso2022_jp',
'iso2022_jp_1',
'iso2022_jp_2',
'iso2022_jp_2004',
'iso2022_jp_3',
'iso2022_jp_ext',
'iso2022_kr',
'latin_1',
'iso8859_2',
'iso8859_3',
'iso8859_4',
'iso8859_5',
'iso8859_6',
'iso8859_7',
'iso8859_8',
'iso8859_9',
'iso8859_10',
'iso8859_13',
'iso8859_14',
'iso8859_15',
'iso8859_16',
'johab',
'koi8_r',
'koi8_u',
'mac_cyrillic',
'mac_greek',
'mac_iceland',
'mac_latin2',
'mac_roman',
'mac_turkish',
'ptcp154',
'shift_jis',
'shift_jis_2004',
'shift_jisx0213',
'utf_32',
'utf_32_be',
'utf_32_le',
'utf_16',
'utf_16_be',
'utf_16_le',
'utf_7',
'utf_8',
'utf_8_sig']
Python 3.4(96种编码)
['ascii',
'big5',
'big5hkscs',
'cp037',
'cp273',
'cp424',
'cp437',
'cp500',
'cp720',
'cp737',
'cp775',
'cp850',
'cp852',
'cp855',
'cp856',
'cp857',
'cp858',
'cp860',
'cp861',
'cp862',
'cp863',
'cp864',
'cp865',
'cp866',
'cp869',
'cp874',
'cp875',
'cp932',
'cp949',
'cp950',
'cp1006',
'cp1026',
'cp1125',
'cp1140',
'cp1250',
'cp1251',
'cp1252',
'cp1253',
'cp1254',
'cp1255',
'cp1256',
'cp1257',
'cp1258',
'cp65001',
'euc_jp',
'euc_jis_2004',
'euc_jisx0213',
'euc_kr',
'gb2312',
'gbk',
'gb18030',
'hz',
'iso2022_jp',
'iso2022_jp_1',
'iso2022_jp_2',
'iso2022_jp_2004',
'iso2022_jp_3',
'iso2022_jp_ext',
'iso2022_kr',
'latin_1',
'iso8859_2',
'iso8859_3',
'iso8859_4',
'iso8859_5',
'iso8859_6',
'iso8859_7',
'iso8859_8',
'iso8859_9',
'iso8859_10',
'iso8859_11',
'iso8859_13',
'iso8859_14',
'iso8859_15',
'iso8859_16',
'johab',
'koi8_r',
'koi8_u',
'mac_cyrillic',
'mac_greek',
'mac_iceland',
'mac_latin2',
'mac_roman',
'mac_turkish',
'ptcp154',
'shift_jis',
'shift_jis_2004',
'shift_jisx0213',
'utf_32',
'utf_32_be',
'utf_32_le',
'utf_16',
'utf_16_be',
'utf_16_le',
'utf_7',
'utf_8',
'utf_8_sig']
Python 3.5(98种编码)
['ascii',
'big5',
'big5hkscs',
'cp037',
'cp273',
'cp424',
'cp437',
'cp500',
'cp720',
'cp737',
'cp775',
'cp850',
'cp852',
'cp855',
'cp856',
'cp857',
'cp858',
'cp860',
'cp861',
'cp862',
'cp863',
'cp864',
'cp865',
'cp866',
'cp869',
'cp874',
'cp875',
'cp932',
'cp949',
'cp950',
'cp1006',
'cp1026',
'cp1125',
'cp1140',
'cp1250',
'cp1251',
'cp1252',
'cp1253',
'cp1254',
'cp1255',
'cp1256',
'cp1257',
'cp1258',
'cp65001',
'euc_jp',
'euc_jis_2004',
'euc_jisx0213',
'euc_kr',
'gb2312',
'gbk',
'gb18030',
'hz',
'iso2022_jp',
'iso2022_jp_1',
'iso2022_jp_2',
'iso2022_jp_2004',
'iso2022_jp_3',
'iso2022_jp_ext',
'iso2022_kr',
'latin_1',
'iso8859_2',
'iso8859_3',
'iso8859_4',
'iso8859_5',
'iso8859_6',
'iso8859_7',
'iso8859_8',
'iso8859_9',
'iso8859_10',
'iso8859_11',
'iso8859_13',
'iso8859_14',
'iso8859_15',
'iso8859_16',
'johab',
'koi8_r',
'koi8_t',
'koi8_u',
'kz1048',
'mac_cyrillic',
'mac_greek',
'mac_iceland',
'mac_latin2',
'mac_roman',
'mac_turkish',
'ptcp154',
'shift_jis',
'shift_jis_2004',
'shift_jisx0213',
'utf_32',
'utf_32_be',
'utf_32_le',
'utf_16',
'utf_16_be',
'utf_16_le',
'utf_7',
'utf_8',
'utf_8_sig']
Python 3.6(98种编码)
与先前版本相同。
Python 3.7(98种编码)
与先前版本相同。
Python 3.8(97种编码)
['ascii',
'big5',
'big5hkscs',
'cp037',
'cp273',
'cp424',
'cp437',
'cp500',
'cp720',
'cp737',
'cp775',
'cp850',
'cp852',
'cp855',
'cp856',
'cp857',
'cp858',
'cp860',
'cp861',
'cp862',
'cp863',
'cp864',
'cp865',
'cp866',
'cp869',
'cp874',
'cp875',
'cp932',
'cp949',
'cp950',
'cp1006',
'cp1026',
'cp1125',
'cp1140',
'cp1250',
'cp1251',
'cp1252',
'cp1253',
'cp1254',
'cp1255',
'cp1256',
'cp1257',
'cp1258',
'euc_jp',
'euc_jis_2004',
'euc_jisx0213',
'euc_kr',
'gb2312',
'gbk',
'gb18030',
'hz',
'iso2022_jp',
'iso2022_jp_1',
'iso2022_jp_2',
'iso2022_jp_2004',
'iso2022_jp_3',
'iso2022_jp_ext',
'iso2022_kr',
'latin_1',
'iso8859_2',
'iso8859_3',
'iso8859_4',
'iso8859_5',
'iso8859_6',
'iso8859_7',
'iso8859_8',
'iso8859_9',
'iso8859_10',
'iso8859_11',
'iso8859_13',
'iso8859_14',
'iso8859_15',
'iso8859_16',
'johab',
'koi8_r',
'koi8_t',
'koi8_u',
'kz1048',
'mac_cyrillic',
'mac_greek',
'mac_iceland',
'mac_latin2',
'mac_roman',
'mac_turkish',
'ptcp154',
'shift_jis',
'shift_jis_2004',
'shift_jisx0213',
'utf_32',
'utf_32_be',
'utf_32_le',
'utf_16',
'utf_16_be',
'utf_16_le',
'utf_7',
'utf_8',
'utf_8_sig']
Python 3.9 (97个编码)
与先前版本相同。
Python 3.10 (97个编码)
与先前版本相同。
Python 3.11 (97个编码)
与先前版本相同。
如果这些内容与任何人的用例相关,请注意文档还列出了一些Python特定编码,其中许多似乎主要供Python内部使用或以某种方式不太常见,例如'undefined'
编码,如果您尝试使用它,它总是会抛出异常。如果像此处的问题提问者一样,您正在尝试弄清楚某些真实世界中遇到的文本所使用的编码,则可能完全忽略这些内容。截至Python 3.7,列表如下:
["idna",
"mbcs",
"oem",
"palmos",
"punycode",
"raw_unicode_escape",
"rot_13",
"undefined",
"unicode_escape",
"unicode_internal",
"base64_codec",
"bz2_codec",
"hex_codec",
"quopri_codec",
"uu_codec",
"zlib_codec"]
一些较旧的Python版本具有名为
string_escape
的特殊编码,但由于已从语言中移除,因此我未在上面的列表中包含它。
最后,如果您想要更新我上面列出的表格以适用于较新版本的Python,这是我使用的(粗糙而不太健壮的)脚本:
import re
import requests
import lxml.html
import pprint
previous = None
for version, url in [
('2.3', 'https://docs.python.org/2.3/lib/node130.html'),
('2.4', 'https://docs.python.org/2.4/lib/standard-encodings.html'),
('2.5', 'https://docs.python.org/2.5/lib/standard-encodings.html'),
('2.6', 'https://docs.python.org/2.6/library/codecs.html#standard-encodings'),
('2.7', 'https://docs.python.org/2.7/library/codecs.html#standard-encodings'),
('3.0', 'https://docs.python.org/3.0/library/codecs.html#standard-encodings'),
('3.1', 'https://docs.python.org/3.1/library/codecs.html#standard-encodings'),
('3.2', 'https://docs.python.org/3.2/library/codecs.html#standard-encodings'),
('3.3', 'https://docs.python.org/3.3/library/codecs.html#standard-encodings'),
('3.4', 'https://docs.python.org/3.4/library/codecs.html#standard-encodings'),
('3.5', 'https://docs.python.org/3.5/library/codecs.html#standard-encodings'),
('3.6', 'https://docs.python.org/3.6/library/codecs.html#standard-encodings'),
('3.7', 'https://docs.python.org/3.7/library/codecs.html#standard-encodings'),
('3.8', 'https://docs.python.org/3.8/library/codecs.html#standard-encodings'),
('3.9', 'https://docs.python.org/3.9/library/codecs.html#standard-encodings'),
('3.10', 'https://docs.python.org/3.10/library/codecs.html#standard-encodings'),
('3.11', 'https://docs.python.org/3.11/library/codecs.html#standard-encodings'),
]:
html = requests.get(url).text
html = re.sub('<[/]?p>', '', html)
doc = lxml.html.fromstring(html)
standard_encodings_table = doc.xpath(
'//table[preceding::h2[.//text()[contains(., "Standard Encodings")]]][//th/text()="Codec"]'
)[0]
codecs = standard_encodings_table.xpath('.//td[1]/text()')
print("## Python %s (%i encodings)\n" % (version, len(codecs)))
if codecs == previous:
print('_Same as previous version._\n')
else:
print('```python\n' + pprint.pformat(codecs) + '\n```\n')
previous = codecs
print repr(open('thefile.txt', 'rb').read())
输出的相关部分。 - John Machinb'Bj\x94rk'
在 ISO-8859-1 中无法匹配,但在尝试了所有编码后,我发现它适用于 CP850 或 CP437 编码。 - Joe Koberg