如何在Windows上创建具有3个参数的全局热键?

3

就像Crtl, Alt + Delete一样

我想写一个程序,在Python中使用具有3个或更多参数的全局热键。只有在按下键盘上的所有三个键时,分配的函数才应该执行。例如,Alt、Windows和F3。

win32con.VK_F3, win32con.MOD_WIN, win32con.VK_F5

这是我想要运行的当前程序,但它的输出为:
Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "C:\Python32\Syntax\hot keys\hotkeys2.py", line 41, in <module>
   for id, (vk, modifiers) in HOTKEYS.items ():
ValueError: too many values to unpack (expected 2)

这个程序:

import os
import sys
import ctypes
from ctypes import wintypes
import win32con

byref = ctypes.byref
user32 = ctypes.windll.user32

HOTKEYS = {
  1 : (win32con.VK_F3, win32con.MOD_WIN, win32con.VK_F5),
  2 : (win32con.VK_F4, win32con.MOD_WIN),
  3 : (win32con.VK_F2, win32con.MOD_WIN)
    }

    def handle_win_f3 ():
  #os.startfile (os.environ['TEMP'])
  print ("Hello WOrld! F3")

def handle_win_f4 ():
  #user32.PostQuitMessage (0)
    print ("Hello WOrld! F4")

def handle_win_f1_escape ():
    print("exit")
    sys.exit()

HOTKEY_ACTIONS = {
  1 : handle_win_f3,
  2 : handle_win_f4,
  3 : handle_win_f1_escape
}

for id, (vk, modifiers) in HOTKEYS.items ():
  print ("Registering id", id, "for key", vk)
  if not user32.RegisterHotKey (None, id, modifiers, vk):
    print ("Unable to register id", id)

try:
  msg = wintypes.MSG ()
  while user32.GetMessageA (byref (msg), None, 0, 0) != 0:
    if msg.message == win32con.WM_HOTKEY:
      action_to_take = HOTKEY_ACTIONS.get (msg.wParam)
      #print(" msg.message == win32con.WM_HOTKEY:")
      if action_to_take:
        action_to_take ()

    user32.TranslateMessage (byref (msg))
    user32.DispatchMessageA (byref (msg))

finally:
  for id in HOTKEYS.keys ():
    user32.UnregisterHotKey (None, id)
    print("user32.UnregisterHotKey (None, id)")

注册三个热键?可能吗? 该文章解释了如何使用一个需要按下的键,然后如果其中两个需要被按下。但是我希望只有当所有键都同时按下时才执行此功能。我已经完成了。


https://github.com/boppreh/keyboard - Andrew
2个回答

5

对于任何对此主题感兴趣的人,我最近编写了一个简短的程序,演示了win32con提供的热键功能的详细信息和更详细的示例。该程序允许您通过命令行指定和测试任何想要的热键:

用法: python.exe hotkey.py MOD_ALT VK_UP -> 测试热键ALT +箭头UP

# Imports
import win32con
import ctypes, ctypes.wintypes
import sys

#
# Functions
#
def dispatch_hotkey(msg):
    mod = msg.lParam & 0b1111111111111111
    key = msg.lParam >> 16
    bit = bin(msg.lParam)[2:]
    print("\n*** Received hotkey message (wParam: %d, lParam: %d)" % (msg.wParam, msg.lParam))
    print("lParam bitmap: %s" % bit)
    print("lParam low-word (modifier): %d, high-word (key): %d" % (mod, key))
    print("-> Hotkey %s with modifier %s detected\n" % (keys[key], mods[mod]))

#
# Main
#

# Build translation maps (virtual key codes / modifiers to string)
# Note: exec() is a hack and should not be used in real programs!!
print("\n*** Building translation maps")
mods = {}
keys = {}
for item in dir(win32con):
    if item.startswith("MOD_"):
        exec("mods[item] = win32con." + item)
        exec("mods[win32con." + item + "] = '" + item + "'")
    if item.startswith("VK_"):
        exec("keys[item] = win32con." + item)
        exec("keys[win32con." + item + "] = '" + item + "'")

# Process command line
print("\n*** Processing command line")

mod = "MOD_WIN"
key = "VK_ESCAPE"
for param in sys.argv:
    if param.startswith("MOD_"):
        if param in mods: mod = param
        else: print("\nInvalid modifier specified (%s). Using default.\n-> Use '--list-mods' for a list of valid modifiers." % param)
    if param.startswith("VK_"):
        if param in keys: key = param
        else: print("\nInvalid key specified (%s). Using default.\n-> Use '--list-keys' for a list of valid keys." % param)

if "--list-mods" in sys.argv:
    print("\nAvailable modifiers:")
    for item in dir(win32con):
        if item.startswith("MOD_"): sys.stdout.write(item + ", ")
    print("\b\b ")

if "--list-keys" in sys.argv:
    print("\nAvailable keys:")
    for item in dir(win32con):
        if item.startswith("VK_"): sys.stdout.write(item + ", ")
    print("\b\b ")

# Register hotkey
print("\n*** Registering global hotkey (modifier: %s, key: %s)" % (mod, key))
ctypes.windll.user32.RegisterHotKey(None, 1, mods[mod], keys[key])

# Wait for hotkey to be triggered
print("\n*** Waiting for hotkey message...")
try:
    msg = ctypes.wintypes.MSG()
    while ctypes.windll.user32.GetMessageA(ctypes.byref(msg), None, 0, 0) != 0:
        if msg.message == win32con.WM_HOTKEY:
            dispatch_hotkey(msg)
            break
        ctypes.windll.user32.TranslateMessage(ctypes.byref(msg))
        ctypes.windll.user32.DispatchMessageA(ctypes.byref(msg))

# Unregister hotkey
finally:
    ctypes.windll.user32.UnregisterHotKey(None, 1)

请注意,此程序仅用于演示目的。程序的某些部分(例如exec函数)不应在生产环境中使用。还要注意,使用这种方法,您将无法覆盖内置热键,如WIN + E等,它们将被忽略并仍然执行内置功能(例如打开资源管理器)。
另一种方法(由@martineau提供):
以下是如何构建转换映射而不使用exec():
print("\n*** Building translation maps")
mods = {}
keys = {}
for item, value in vars(win32con).items():
    if item.startswith("MOD_"):
        mods[item] = value
        mods[value] = item
    elif item.startswith("VK_"):
        keys[item] = value
        keys[value] = item

建议将此内容制作为Active State Python Recipe,并在评论中发布链接,而不是作为与本网站模糊相关的问题的非答案。 - martineau

4
对于初学者而言,如果您想要使用alt、windows和F3键,您需要在 HOTKEYS 条目中使用 win32con.VK_F3, win32con.MOD_ALT, win32con.MOD_WIN 吗?
然而,使用 WinF5 键的修饰符来按下 F3 似乎并没有什么意义。
该行代码出现错误:
for id, (vk, modifiers) in HOTKEYS.items ():

这是因为每个字典条目的值都是一个可变长度的tuple。以下是一种处理方式,它还会将所有修改器值按位OR在一起,以便将它们作为单个参数传递给RegisterHotKey()

from functools import reduce

for id, values in HOTKEYS.items ():
    vk, modifiers = values[0], reduce (lambda x, y: x | y, values[1:])
    print ("Registering id", id, "for key", vk)
    if not user32.RegisterHotKey (None, id, modifiers, vk):
        print ("Unable to register id", id)

如果您的代码缩进正确并遵循PEP 8 -- Python 代码风格指南的建议,那么解决问题会更容易。请考虑在未来这样做。


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