tar -zxvf john-1.7.0.2.tar.gz
gzip: stdin: not in gzip format
tar: Child returned status 1
tar: Error is not recoverable: exiting now
z，但我得到了同样的错误。wget http://openwall.com/john/f/john-1.7.0.2.tar.gz
正如steeldriver所说，这意味着该文件实际上不是一个gzip压缩的tar文件，或者任何一种gzip压缩的文件，尽管它的命名方式类似。
当你使用wget下载文件时，通常会有迹象表明你最终得到的文件与你要寻找的文件类型不同：
ek@Io:~$ wget http://openwall.com/john/f/john-1.7.0.2.tar.gz
--2017-01-28 23:57:33-- http://openwall.com/john/f/john-1.7.0.2.tar.gz
Resolving openwall.com (openwall.com)... 195.42.179.197
Connecting to openwall.com (openwall.com)|195.42.179.197|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 301 Moved Permanently
Location: http://www.openwall.com/john/ [following]
--2017-01-28 23:57:40-- http://www.openwall.com/john/
Resolving www.openwall.com (www.openwall.com)... 195.42.179.202
Connecting to www.openwall.com (www.openwall.com)|195.42.179.202|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: unspecified [text/html]
Saving to: ‘john-1.7.0.2.tar.gz’
john-1.7.0.2.tar.gz [ <=> ] 15.27K 3.61KB/s in 4.2s
2017-01-28 23:57:51 (3.61 KB/s) - ‘john-1.7.0.2.tar.gz’ saved [15633]
ek@Io:~$ file john-1.7.0.2.tar.gz
john-1.7.0.2.tar.gz: HTML document, ASCII text, with very long lines
当然，您可以使用像 head、less 和 view 这样的工具自行检查文件：
ek@Io:~$ head john-1.7.0.2.tar.gz
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>John the Ripper password cracker</TITLE>
<link href="/style.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet">
<META name="keywords" content="John the Ripper, password cracker, JtR, password checker, password recovery, password, cracker, crackers, cracking, crack, crypt, passwd, shadow, Unix, Linux, Windows, Win32, Mac OS X, Mac OSX, MacOS X, OS X, OSX, DOS, VMS, OpenVMS, hash, DES, MD5, Blowfish, Kerberos, AFS, LM, LanMan, LanManager, NT, 2000, XP, 2003, Vista, 7, NTLM, NTLMv1, MD4, Netscape LDAP, SHA, SSHA, MySQL, TGT, s/key, Eggdrop, Apache, apr1, SYSUAF, SYSUAF.DAT, AltiVec, MMX, SSE, SSE2, AVX, XOP, wordlist, wordlists, dictionary, brute force, decrypt, challenge, response, John, Ripper, john, jhon, jonh, jack, Jack the Ripper">
<META name="description" content="A fast password cracker for Unix, Windows, DOS, and OpenVMS, with support for Unix, Windows, and Kerberos AFS passwords, plus a lot more with contributed patches">
</HEAD>
<BODY bgcolor="#E0E0E0" text="black" link="blue" alink="red" vlink="navy">
ek@Io:~$ head john-1.8.0.tar.gz
WӦQ♥john-1.8.0.tar ▒▒kw▒ر&▒▒ٿ▒▒▒▒4E]|▒v▒NF▒d[▒n▒▒▒L&▒HB▒$▒ ▒df͚▒▒▒▒▒ꩪ▒7@▒▒▒9ӳf▒▒J▒m ▒ؗ▒u▒▒~,▒ї▒▒▒ˣ▒▒ӣ_▒▒▒▒C▒▒|▒▒▒▒▒şw▒v▒▒>▒|w▒▒▒}▒▒▒ί▒▒i9▒?7+▒gY7i▒$▒▒ʲ▒▒s?▒J'MV%▒rY4ur[▒4▒▒e▒▒.▒▒▒▒▒&/u▒-2▒W▒▒V▒▒!o▒0b▒▒▒♥▒|Q▒4▒▒▒&▒▒Y1Y▒F▒▒Iy▒▒▒▒$▒▒▒▒,▒]▒h▒▒8▒"▒▒M▒,Һ~(▒i▒4Y▒d▒QgQ▒*ۚf7yA▒.▒&i▒<d▒↓▒7▒H_-l▒7▒▒▒Z▒▒.m▒▒ʒ%F,▒۬▒*▒▒hrW▒cY▒▒
▒+▒O1▒-y>▒▒J▒yM?▒4I▒▒▒kYS▒▒:▒▒n▒C▒▒%▒▒▒v▒▒▒{[[tN▒9▒▒▒kA▒▒▒▒▒/[▒▒▒▒u▒▒▒z▒▒▒▒>▒▒5▒▒▒▒t▒t▒▒Y6Û<▒*/i▒i{K>▒,▒▒▒▒▒;9)▒Z.mJSeiLB▒▒▒▒▒j▒▒eQ緅▒_▒α▒Ŋ▒▒▒W▒▒▒▒▒_▒▒ˢ▒▒-q▒<gyw͍▒9▒?▒,▒▒▒▒h&▒V"▒▒▒▒▒▒▒l▒▒3▒▒▒▒\▒▒i#▒▒综▒◄0▒▒▒.e♠>a▒▒▒▒▒▒$klt:▒▒rA▒M▒'F▒R▒▒▒▒Lo▒♥1z▒\▒↓X▒▒▒P"֕▒▒▒♦▒▒▒▒|▒▒▒▒▒▒1I▒o"'#|6e▒▒t▒Ц▒FVL▒▒S▒ޓ▒▒;▒x▒▒▒▒▒▒▒QVrr▒▒▒9O▒W7▒♠Og▒
▒▒▒8▒▒/▒▒dm▒FG'▒'t2L▒▒&L▒Y:▒▒▒▒▒4▒rI<▒#▒+▒je▒▒▒>T9▒▒M▒XE-ʆ▒▒'n▒▒$↑▒m▒W▒▒w̕▒▒m▒n%▒|A_▒yGp↑D▒↓▒▒▒i▒▒}ӡH▒▒▒▒$$H▒▒&▒▒4▒▒▒Z-@♣▒*~▒▒▒ y6▒▒▒`▒v↓▒s▒+̱▒?▒1▒▒▒<▒>▒^▒▒Y#k▒
7`N'▒o▒.&▒▒(▒Դ~AD▒"E◄' lq▒`▒▒`▒[▒9◄▒▒wzuK▒N▒▒Y▒▒%or▒▒)▒▒i↓▒▒▒l5.S▒r▒_*▒RO▒{▒$▒(▒▒▒▒C▒·▒▒׀f2ˊ[:▒▒▒,|ew▒▒▒Ag▒'▒▒▒H▒▒t▒{͓▒▒▒▒JH˭s▒)g▒ON▒▒eŚQ▒▒▒♠ s▒▒ߪ▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒_♠▒-▒
它告诉您如何在这些情况（特别是在这种情况下）中找出问题出在哪里。但是，您如何实际上找到并下载正确的文件呢？
这因情况而异。然而，一个好的起点是：
去软件的官方网站看看他们是否提供下载链接。即使你最初是通过这个链接获取的，如果一段时间过去了，你可能会发现链接已经改变了。
例如，在这个特定的情况下，当前版本是1.8.0，而不是1.7.0.2（并且在j子目录中提供，而不是f），旧版本在同一个URL上已经不再可用。
打开你下载文件时被重定向到的页面。在这种情况下，就是：http://www.openwall.com/john/
或者你甚至可以检查一下下载的文件。（或者在浏览器中打开它）。
wget进行下载。有几个选择，但是假设您实际上不需要您尝试下载的特定旧版本，并且根据您尝试下载的特定文件，我怀疑http://openwall.com/john/j/john-1.8.0.tar.gz 是您正在寻找的内容。ek@Io:~$ wget http://openwall.com/john/j/john-1.8.0.tar.gz
--2017-01-29 00:16:19-- http://openwall.com/john/j/john-1.8.0.tar.gz
Resolving openwall.com (openwall.com)... 195.42.179.197
Connecting to openwall.com (openwall.com)|195.42.179.197|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 5450412 (5.2M) [application/x-tar]
Saving to: ‘john-1.8.0.tar.gz’
john-1.8.0.tar.gz 100%[================================================================================>] 5.20M 78.8KB/s in 26s
2017-01-29 00:16:47 (202 KB/s) - ‘john-1.8.0.tar.gz’ saved [5450412/5450412]
application/x-tar而不是text/html。file也同意：ek@Io:~$ file john-1.8.0.tar.gz
john-1.8.0.tar.gz: gzip compressed data, was "john-1.8.0.tar", last modified: Thu May 30 04:19:35 2013, max compression, from Unix
ek@Io:~$ tar xf john-1.8.0.tar.gz
ek@Io:~$ cd john-1.8.0/
ek@Io:~/john-1.8.0$ ls -l
total 12
drwxrwxr-x 2 ek ek 4096 Jan 29 00:22 doc
lrwxrwxrwx 1 ek ek 10 May 29 2013 README -> doc/README
drwxrwxr-x 2 ek ek 4096 Jan 29 00:22 run
drwxrwxr-x 2 ek ek 4096 Jan 29 00:22 src
ek@Io:~$ apt show john
Package: john
Version: 1.8.0-2
Priority: optional
Section: admin
Origin: Ubuntu
Maintainer: Ubuntu Developers <ubuntu-devel-discuss@lists.ubuntu.com>
Original-Maintainer: Ruben Molina <rmolina@udea.edu.co>
Bugs: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+filebug
Installed-Size: 452 kB
Depends: libc6 (>= 2.14), john-data (= 1.8.0-2)
Suggests: wordlist
Homepage: http://www.openwall.com/john/
Supported: 5y
Download-Size: 184 kB
APT-Sources: http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 Packages
Description: active password cracking tool
John the Ripper is a tool designed to help systems administrators to
find weak (easy to guess or crack through brute force) passwords, and
even automatically mail users warning them about it, if it is desired.
.
Besides several crypt(3) password hash types most commonly found on
various Unix flavors, supported out of the box are Kerberos AFS and
Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 LM hashes, plus several more with contributed
patches.
sudo apt update
sudo apt install john
-z, --gzip
filter the archive through gzip
tar -xvf bind-9.16.0.tar.xz
如果这些信息在这里不需要，请告诉我。
john-1.7.0.2.tar.gz: HTML文档，ASCII文本，具有非常长的行。 - steeldriver