你需要制作一个双引导目录的ISO文件,以便可以通过EFI和MBR方式启动。标准的Ubuntu 14.04 x64 ISO文件可以实现这一点,但是没有提供制作适用于EFI系统的新14.04可引导ISO的指令。我能够整合出正确的步骤来创建这样的ISO文件。
以下是让你创建一个自定义的可以通过EFI和MBR引导的Ubuntu 14.04服务器ISO的指南。在EFI引导的系统上使用空白未初始化的磁盘(例如在Hyper-V中的新2代VM上),安装程序将自动启动,然后自动擦除磁盘并安装基本的ubuntu-server软件包和OpenSSH。这个设计用于自动配置使用LVM和自动分区的新系统的Ubuntu 14.04。如果你在已有的Linux系统上使用此ISO,则安装程序将在检测到现有磁盘时停止,并等待输入。如果你在非EFI系统上使用此ISO(例如第1代Hyper-V VM),则它将在图形化安装程序启动界面等待输入,然后才继续进行自动安装程序。
最终的结果是一个只包含ubuntu-server和openssh-server的基础Ubuntu Server安装。
下面是创建一个支持EFI引导的ISO的步骤:
1. 获取14.04 ISO文件:
wget http://releases.ubuntu.com/14.04/ubuntu-14.04-server-amd64.iso
将其安装并提取其内容到一个新文件夹中:
sudo mkdir -p ~/iso
sudo mount -o loop ubuntu-14.04-server-amd64.iso.iso ~/iso
sudo mkdir ~/ubuntu
sudo cp -rT ~/iso ~/ubuntu
进入我们将要进行工作的目录:
cd ~/ubuntu
将语言设置为英语:
sudo -i
echo en >/home/user/ubuntu/isolinux/lang
exit
创建一个preseed文件,使用LVM自动对磁盘进行分区,并利用所有可用空间。
sudo nano ~/ubuntu/ks.preseed
将文件内容替换为以下内容:
d-i partman-auto/method string lvm
d-i partman-auto-lvm/guided_size string max
d-i partman-auto/choose_recipe select atomic
d-i partman-partitioning/confirm_write_new_label boolean true
d-i partman/confirm_write_new_label boolean true
d-i partman/choose_partition select finish
d-i partman/confirm_nooverwrite boolean true
d-i partman/confirm boolean true
d-i partman-auto/purge_lvm_from_device boolean true
d-i partman-lvm/device_remove_lvm boolean true
d-i partman-lvm/confirm boolean true
d-i partman-lvm/confirm_nooverwrite boolean true
d-i partman-auto/init_automatically_partition select Guided - use entire disk and set up LVM
d-i partman/choose_partition select Finish partitioning and write changes to disk
d-i partman-auto-lvm/no_boot boolean true
d-i partman-md/device_remove_md boolean true
d-i partman-md/confirm boolean true
d-i partman-md/confirm_nooverwrite boolean true
创建一个 kickstart 文件,在安装过程中配置 Ubuntu:(确保更改用户名部分,并使用加密密码)
sudo nano ~/ubuntu/ks.cfg
将文件内容替换为以下内容:
lang en_US
langsupport en_US
keyboard us
mouse
timezone America/Los_Angeles
rootpw --disabled
user USERNAME --fullname "USERNAME" --password "PASSWORD"
reboot
text
install
cdrom
auth --useshadow --enablemd5
network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0
firewall --disabled
skipx
%packages
@ ubuntu-server
openssh-server
编辑grub配置文件,这样当ISO执行EFI引导时,引导加载程序将使用正确的选项来使用我们的preseed和配置文件。
sudo nano ~/ubuntu/boot/grub/grub.cfg
将文件内容替换为以下内容:
if loadfont /boot/grub/font.pf2 ; then
set gfxmode=auto
insmod efi_gop
insmod efi_uga
insmod gfxterm
terminal_output gfxterm
fi
set menu_color_normal=white/light-blue
set menu_color_highlight=light-blue/light-gray
set timeout=10
set default=0
menuentry "Automatically Install Ubuntu Server with Custom Config" {
set gfxpayload=keep
linux /install/vmlinuz file=/cdrom/preseed/ubuntu-server.seed quiet ks=cdrom:/ks.cfg preseed/file=/cdrom/ks.preseed --
initrd /install/initrd.gz
}
menuentry "OEM install (for manufacturers)" {
set gfxpayload=keep
linux /install/vmlinuz file=/cdrom/preseed/ubuntu-server.seed quiet oem-config/enable=true --
initrd /install/initrd.gz
}
menuentry "Multiple server install with MAAS" {
set gfxpayload=keep
linux /install/vmlinuz modules=maas-enlist-udeb vga=788 initrd=/install/initrd.gz quiet --
initrd /install/initrd.gz
}
menuentry "Check disc for defects" {
set gfxpayload=keep
linux /install/vmlinuz MENU=/bin/cdrom-checker-menu quiet --
initrd /install/initrd.gz
}
menuentry "Rescue a broken system" {
set gfxpayload=keep
linux /install/vmlinuz rescue/enable=true --
initrd /install/initrd.gz
}
编辑 isolinux 引导菜单以进行非 EFI 引导(MBR 引导),使用自定义配置和自定义 preseed。
sudo nano ~/ubuntu/isolinux/txt.cfg
将文件内容替换为以下内容:
default install
label install
menu label ^Install Ubuntu Server with Custom Config
kernel /install/vmlinuz
append file=/cdrom/preseed/ubuntu-server.seed initrd=/install/initrd.gz ks=cdrom:/ks.cfg preseed/file=/cdrom/ks.preseed --
label cloud
menu label ^Multiple server install with MAAS
kernel /install/vmlinuz
append modules=maas-enlist-udeb vga=788 initrd=/install/initrd.gz quiet --
label check
menu label ^Check disc for defects
kernel /install/vmlinuz
append MENU=/bin/cdrom-checker-menu vga=788 initrd=/install/initrd.gz quiet --
label memtest
menu label Test ^memory
kernel /install/mt86plus
label hd
menu label ^Boot from first hard disk
localboot 0x80
创建ISO:
此命令是对
http://petersmithphotog.no-ip.biz/wiki/index.php/Unattended_Install中显示的命令进行了修改。这些说明不适用于Ubuntu 14.04,因为它们指向了错误的位置来获取efi.img文件(应该在ISO的./boot/grub/目录下)。
sudo mkisofs -U -A "Custom1404" -V "Custom1404" -volset "Custom1404" -J -joliet-long -r -v -T -o ../Custom1404.iso -b isolinux/isolinux.bin -c isolinux/boot.cat -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table -eltorito-alt-boot -e boot/grub/efi.img -no-emul-boot .
验证ISO是否具有正确的引导目录样式:
你从Ubuntu下载的原始ISO:
dumpet -i ~/ubuntu-14.04-server-amd64.iso
输出:
Validation Entry:
Header Indicator: 0x01 (Validation Entry)
PlatformId: 0x00 (80x86)
ID: ""
Checksum: 0x55aa
Key bytes: 0x55aa
Boot Catalog Default Entry:
Entry is bootable
Boot Media emulation type: no emulation
Media load segment: 0x0 (0000:7c00)
System type: 0 (0x00)
Load Sectors: 4 (0x0004)
Load LBA: 8446 (0x000020fe)
Section Header Entry:
Header Indicator: 0x91 (Final Section Header Entry)
PlatformId: 0xef (EFI)
Section Entries: 1
ID: ""
Boot Catalog Section Entry:
Entry is bootable
Boot Media emulation type: no emulation
Media load address: 0 (0x0000)
System type: 0 (0x00)
Load Sectors: 4672 (0x1240)
Load LBA: 24754 (0x000060b2)
你创建的新ISO:
dumpet -i ~/Custom1404.iso
输出:
Validation Entry:
Header Indicator: 0x01 (Validation Entry)
PlatformId: 0x00 (80x86)
ID: ""
Checksum: 0x55aa
Key bytes: 0x55aa
Boot Catalog Default Entry:
Entry is bootable
Boot Media emulation type: no emulation
Media load segment: 0x0 (0000:7c00)
System type: 0 (0x00)
Load Sectors: 4 (0x0004)
Load LBA: 3100 (0x00000c1c)
Section Header Entry:
Header Indicator: 0x91 (Final Section Header Entry)
PlatformId: 0xef (EFI)
Section Entries: 1
ID: ""
Boot Catalog Section Entry:
Entry is bootable
Boot Media emulation type: no emulation
Media load address: 0 (0x0000)
System type: 0 (0x00)
Load Sectors: 4672 (0x1240)
Load LBA: 1932 (0x0000078c)
你可以将这个输出与使用
如何创建完全无人值守安装Ubuntu的指南构建的ISO的输出进行比较:(他们创建的是仅包含MBR的ISO,而不是双启动目录的ISO)
sudo mkisofs -D -r -V "non-efi-ubuntu" -cache-inodes -J -l -b isolinux/isolinux.bin -c isolinux/boot.cat -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table -o ../non-efi-ubuntu.iso .
获取ISO信息:
dumpet -i ~/non-efi-ubuntu.iso
输出:
Validation Entry:
Header Indicator: 0x01 (Validation Entry)
PlatformId: 0x00 (80x86)
ID: ""
Checksum: 0x55aa
Key bytes: 0x55aa
Boot Catalog Default Entry:
Entry is bootable
Boot Media emulation type: no emulation
Media load segment: 0x0 (0000:7c00)
System type: 0 (0x00)
Load Sectors: 4 (0x0004)
Load LBA: 1925 (0x00000785)
# isohybrid path/to/image.iso
- jjnebeker