感谢@Ponjar和@oldfred的评论，原来还有另一个管理设备固件更新的管理器叫做
fwupd。
简短版本
要更新设备固件，您可以运行以下命令：
$ fwupdmgr update
更详细版本
注意：在我的测试中，这里提到的所有命令都不需要root访问权限（即sudo）来运行。甚至包括更新固件的命令。
此方法使用LVFS（Linux供应商固件服务）作为设备固件的源数据库。您可以通过在/etc/fwupd/remotes.d/中进行配置来添加更多的源。
要升级固件，可以使用fwupdmgr命令。该软件包似乎已预安装在Ubuntu 21.10上。如果对您而言未安装，可以使用以下命令进行安装：
sudo apt install fwupd
你可以通过运行
fwupdmgr get-devices命令，获取支持固件更新的设备列表。
$ fwupdmgr get-devices
WARNING: UEFI capsule updates not available or enabled in firmware setup
See https://github.com/fwupd/fwupd/wiki/PluginFlag:capsules-unsupported for more information.
21A0000CMX
│
├─Prometheus:
│ Device ID: 96a0be68fa5cf5d60d3d2d392797c6844ab64d33
│ Summary: Fingerprint reader
│ Current version: 10.01.3273255
│ Vendor: Synaptics (USB:0x06CB)
│ Install Duration: 2 seconds
│ GUIDs: 09e8bf16-3e69-50f5-bb66-c7a040248352
│ 8088f861-6318-5b1e-9ce4-fbddbedb09ac
│ Device Flags: • Updatable
│ • Supported on remote server
│ • Cryptographic hash verification is available
│
├─UEFI dbx:
│ Device ID: 362301da643102b9f38477387e2193e57abaa590
│ Summary: UEFI Revocation Database
│ Current version: 267
│ Minimum Version: 267
│ Vendor: UEFI:Linux Foundation
│ Install Duration: 1 second
│ GUIDs: 1e9c3d61-4bd9-514e-ad87-0a9b61b9e77d
│ 304a9ede-aff2-58f6-b5e5-0e651b065f1a
│ c6682ade-b5ec-57c4-b687-676351208742
│ f8ba2887-9411-5c36-9cee-88995bb39731
│ Device Flags: • Internal device
│ • Updatable
│ • Needs a reboot after installation
│
└─UMIS RPETJ512MGE2QDQ:
Device ID: 71b677ca0f1bc2c5b804fa1d59e52064ce589293
Summary: NVM Express Solid State Drive
Current version: 1.3Q0630
Vendor: Union Memory (Shenzhen) (NVME:0x1CC4)
GUIDs: c3fe86aa-308e-53bc-aa93-00faaac3ef75
437d6904-49e7-551e-bbe9-1ae691ea1a37
6df6872d-19f7-5035-b85c-7c760034c77d
1d6b808f-3aac-5c20-8496-8a1433de5b80
1cabba58-9014-5a19-b40f-a6aa4b45676f
Device Flags: • Internal device
• Updatable
• System requires external power source
• Needs a reboot after installation
• Device is usable for the duration of the update
您还可以通过运行
fwupdmgr get-updates来获取设备的状态，看是否有可用的固件更新。
$ fwupdmgr get-updates
WARNING: UEFI capsule updates not available or enabled in firmware setup
See https://github.com/fwupd/fwupd/wiki/PluginFlag:capsules-unsupported for more information.
Devices with no available firmware updates:
• UEFI dbx
• UMIS RPETJ512MGE2QDQ
21A0000CMX
│
└─Prometheus:
│ Device ID: 96a0be68fa5cf5d60d3d2d392797c6844ab64d33
│ Summary: Fingerprint reader
│ Current version: 10.01.3273255
│ Vendor: Synaptics (USB:0x06CB)
│ Install Duration: 2 seconds
│ GUIDs: 09e8bf16-3e69-50f5-bb66-c7a040248352
│ 8088f861-6318-5b1e-9ce4-fbddbedb09ac
│ Device Flags: • Updatable
│ • Supported on remote server
│ • Cryptographic hash verification is available
│
└─Prometheus Fingerprint Reader:
New version: 10.01.3478575
Remote ID: lvfs
Summary: Firmware for the Synaptics Prometheus Fingerprint Reader device
License: Proprietary
Size: 425.5 kB
Created: 2021-06-09
Urgency: Medium
Vendor: Synaptics
Duration: 2 seconds
Flags: is-upgrade
Description:
New features and enhancements:
• Fix an authentication issue on FOP project.
在我的情况下，最后一个命令列出了"UEFI dbx"和"UMIS RPETJ512MGE2QDQ"为最新版本，而"Prometheus"指纹识别器有可用的更新。
一旦您满意，您可以运行"fwupdmgr update"命令安装所有可用的更新，或者手动传递要更新的设备的设备ID到该命令"fwupdmgr update 71b677ca0f1bc2c5b804fa1d59e52064ce589293"。
$ fwupdmgr update
WARNING: UEFI capsule updates not available or enabled in firmware setup
See https://github.com/fwupd/fwupd/wiki/PluginFlag:capsules-unsupported for more information.
Devices with no available firmware updates:
• UEFI dbx
• UMIS RPETJ512MGE2QDQ
Upgrade available for Prometheus from 10.01.3273255 to 10.01.3478575
Prometheus and all connected devices may not be usable while updating. Continue with update? [Y|n]:
Downloading… [***************************************] Less than one minute remaining…
Decompressing… [***************************************]
Authenticating… [***************************************]
Authenticating… [***************************************]
Updating Prometheus… [***************************************]
Restarting device… [***************************************]
Successfully installed firmware
一旦您完成更新固件的操作，下次运行
fwupdmgr get-updates命令时，它会提示您是否想要上传固件报告。
$ fwupdmgr get-updates
WARNING: UEFI capsule updates not available or enabled in firmware setup
See https://github.com/fwupd/fwupd/wiki/PluginFlag:capsules-unsupported for more information.
Devices with no available firmware updates:
• UEFI dbx
• UMIS RPETJ512MGE2QDQ
Devices with the latest available firmware version:
• Prometheus
________________________________________________
Devices that have been updated successfully:
• Prometheus (10.01.3273255 → 10.01.3478575)
Uploading firmware reports helps hardware vendors to quickly identify failing and successful updates on real devices.
Upload report now? (Requires internet connection):
0. Do not upload reports at this time, but prompt again for future updates
1. Do not upload reports, and never ask to upload reports for future updates
2. Upload reports just this one time, but prompt again for future updates
3. Upload reports this time and automatically upload reports after completing future updates
2
Target: https://fwupd.org/lvfs/firmware/report
Payload: {
"ReportVersion" : 2,
"MachineId" : "fd438561a796bdbcccfc66169378030058c8a453066843b91fa6b107cd73c267",
"Metadata" : {
"DistroId" : "ubuntu",
"DistroVersion" : "21.10"
},
"Reports" : [
{
"Checksum" : "9e3cc95de4a157318c40135009249bb20fe6af7d",
"UpdateState" : 2,
"Guid" : [
"09e8bf16-3e69-50f5-bb66-c7a040248352"
],
"Plugin" : "synaptics_prometheus",
"VersionOld" : "10.01.3273255",
"VersionNew" : "10.01.3478575",
"Flags" : 37748770,
"Created" : 1645459678,
"Modified" : 1645460476,
"Metadata" : {
"HostSku" : "LENOVO_MT_21A0_BU_Think_FM_ThinkPad P14s Gen 2a",
"RuntimeVersion(org.freedesktop.gusb)" : "0.3.5",
"CompileVersion(com.redhat.fwupdate)" : "12",
"DistroVersion" : "21.10",
"CompileVersion(org.freedesktop.fwupd)" : "1.5.11",
"HostFamily" : "ThinkPad P14s Gen 2a",
"KernelName" : "Linux",
"RuntimeVersion(org.kernel)" : "5.13.0-28-generic",
"CompileVersion(org.freedesktop.gusb)" : "0.3.5",
"RuntimeVersion(com.dell.libsmbios)" : "2.4",
"DistroId" : "ubuntu",
"CpuArchitecture" : "x86_64",
"BootTime" : "1645105544",
"HostVendor" : "LENOVO",
"RuntimeVersion(org.freedesktop.appstream-glib)" : "0.7.14",
"HostProduct" : "21A0000CMX",
"RuntimeVersion(com.redhat.fwupdate)" : "12",
"RuntimeVersion(org.freedesktop.fwupd)" : "1.5.11",
"KernelVersion" : "5.13.0-28-generic"
}
}
]
}
Proceed with upload? [Y|n]:
Idle… [***************************************]
Successfully uploaded 1 report
No updates available for remaining devices
sudo fwupdmgr get-devices&sudo fwupdmgr get-updates&sudo fwupdmgr update- oldfred