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如何在没有网络访问和手动分配IP地址的计算机上使`apt-get update`工作？

16.04aptpackage-managementmirrorsapt-mirror
我已经在一台可以访问互联网的机器上成功设置了apt-mirror并下载了最新的Ubuntu软件包。目标是在无法访问互联网的目标机器上执行apt-get update时，使用这台机器作为存储库。两台机器都已经设置了手动IP地址，并且都运行着Ubuntu 16.04操作系统。目标机器的/etc/apt/sources.list文件只有1行内容。
deb http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted multiverse universe

但是当我在目标机器上执行sudo apt-get update时，我会得到以下错误：

Ign:1 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main InRelease
Ign:2 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main Release
Ign:3 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/restricted amd64 Packages
Ign:4 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/restricted i386 Packages
Ign:5 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/restricted all Packages
Ign:6 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/restricted Translation-en_HK
Ign:7 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/restricted Translation-en
Ign:8 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/multiverse amd64 Packages
Ign:9 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/multiverse i386 Packages
Ign:10 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/multiverse all Packages
Ign:11 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/multiverse Translation-en_HK
Ign:12 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/multiverse Translation-en
Ign:13 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/universe amd64 Packages
Ign:14 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/universe i386 Packages
Ign:15 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/universe all Packages
Ign:16 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/universe Translation-en_HK
Ign:17 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/universe Translation-en
Ign:3 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/restricted amd64 Packages
Ign:4 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/restricted i386 Packages
Ign:5 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/restricted all Packages
Ign:6 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/restricted Translation-en_HK
Ign:7 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/restricted Translation-en
Ign:8 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/multiverse amd64 Packages
Ign:9 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/multiverse i386 Packages
Ign:10 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/multiverse all Packages
Ign:11 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/multiverse Translation-en_HK
Ign:12 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/multiverse Translation-en
Ign:13 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/universe amd64 Packages
Ign:14 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/universe i386 Packages
Ign:15 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/universe all Packages
Ign:16 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/universe Translation-en_HK
Ign:17 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/universe Translation-en
Ign:3 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/restricted amd64 Packages
Ign:4 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/restricted i386 Packages
Ign:5 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/restricted all Packages
Ign:6 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/restricted Translation-en_HK
Ign:7 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/restricted Translation-en
Ign:8 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/multiverse amd64 Packages
Ign:9 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/multiverse i386 Packages
Ign:10 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/multiverse all Packages
Ign:11 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/multiverse Translation-en_HK
Ign:12 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/multiverse Translation-en
Ign:13 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/universe amd64 Packages
Ign:14 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/universe i386 Packages
Ign:15 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/universe all Packages
Ign:16 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/universe Translation-en_HK
Ign:17 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/universe Translation-en
Ign:3 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/restricted amd64 Packages
Ign:4 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/restricted i386 Packages
Ign:5 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/restricted all Packages
Ign:6 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/restricted Translation-en_HK
Ign:7 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/restricted Translation-en
Ign:8 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/multiverse amd64 Packages
Ign:9 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/multiverse i386 Packages
Ign:10 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/multiverse all Packages
Ign:11 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/multiverse Translation-en_HK
Ign:12 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/multiverse Translation-en
Ign:13 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/universe amd64 Packages
Ign:14 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/universe i386 Packages
Ign:15 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/universe all Packages
Ign:16 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/universe Translation-en_HK
Ign:17 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/universe Translation-en
Ign:3 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/restricted amd64 Packages
Ign:4 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/restricted i386 Packages
Ign:5 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/restricted all Packages
Ign:6 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/restricted Translation-en_HK
Ign:7 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/restricted Translation-en
Ign:8 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/multiverse amd64 Packages
Ign:9 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/multiverse i386 Packages
Ign:10 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/multiverse all Packages
Ign:11 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/multiverse Translation-en_HK
Ign:12 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/multiverse Translation-en
Ign:13 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/universe amd64 Packages
Ign:14 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/universe i386 Packages
Ign:15 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/universe all Packages
Ign:16 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/universe Translation-en_HK
Ign:17 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/universe Translation-en
Err:3 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/restricted amd64 Packages
  404  Not Found
Ign:4 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/restricted i386 Packages
Ign:5 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/restricted all Packages
Ign:6 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/restricted Translation-en_HK
Ign:7 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/restricted Translation-en
Ign:8 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/multiverse amd64 Packages
Ign:9 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/multiverse i386 Packages
Ign:10 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/multiverse all Packages
Ign:11 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/multiverse Translation-en_HK
Ign:12 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/multiverse Translation-en
Ign:13 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/universe amd64 Packages
Reading package lists... Done
W: The repository 'http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main Release' does not have a Release file.
N: Data from such a repository can't be authenticated and is therefore potentially dangerous to use.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
E: Failed to fetch http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial/dists/main/restricted/binary-amd64/Packages  404  Not Found
E: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.

在目标机器上:

/etc/resolve.conf文件包含以下内容：
# 由resolvconf(8)生成的用于glibc resolver(3)的动态resolv.conf(5)文件 # 请勿手动编辑此文件，您的更改将被覆盖 nameserver 127.0.1.1
/etc/network/interfaces文件包含以下内容：
# ifup(8)和ifdown(8)使用的interfaces(5)文件 auto lo iface lo inet loopback
此外，由于在apt-get update的输出中，唯一明确显示错误的行是Err:3 http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial main/restricted amd64 Packages，我在目标机器上执行了以下操作来检查文件是否存在： wget http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial/restricted/binary-amd64/Packages 我发现该文件确实存在，因为我得到了以下输出：
--2017-12-21 17:23:24--  http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial/restricted/binary-amd64/Packages
Connecting to <local_repo_IP>:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 127112 (124K)
Saving to: ‘Packages’

Packages                100%[============================>] 124.13K  --.-KB/s    in 0s      

2017-12-21 17:23:24 (469 MB/s) - ‘Packages’ saved [127112/127112]

我还检查了一下，看看从目标机器到仓库机器是否能够成功进行ping测试。这也是可以的。
PING <local_repo_IP> (<local_repo_IP>) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from <local_repo_IP>: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.169 ms
64 bytes from <local_repo_IP>: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.671 ms
64 bytes from <local_repo_IP>: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.186 ms
64 bytes from <local_repo_IP>: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.190 ms
64 bytes from <local_repo_IP>: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.315 ms
^C
--- <local_repo_IP> ping statistics ---
5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4047ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.169/0.306/0.671/0.190 ms

那么，apt-get update出了什么问题？我该如何修复它并使其正常工作？

P.S. 我刚刚注意到错误信息中写着http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial/dists/main/restricted/binary-amd64/Packages。为什么它要在main里面寻找restricted包？它不应该在http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial/restricted/binary-amd64/Packages中查找吗？实际上，当我执行wget http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial/dists/main/restricted/binary-amd64/Packages时，会出现以下错误：

--2017-12-21 17:26:06--  http://<local_repo_IP>/ubuntu/dists/xenial/dists/main/restricted/binary-amd64/Packages
Connecting to <local_repo_IP>:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 404 Not Found
2017-12-21 17:26:06 ERROR 404: Not Found.

这里发生了什么？为什么它要检查一个不存在的目录？我该如何让apt-get update指向正确的路径？
2个回答
我发现解决方法是编辑etc/apt/sources.list文件，只包含系统架构的文件： deb [arch=amd64] http://192.168.12.61/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted multiverse universe 现在当我进行更新时，不再出现任何错误。
$ sudo apt update
Hit:1 http://192.168.12.61/ubuntu xenial InRelease
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
All packages are up to date.

刚想着把这个作为一个可能的解决方案发出来，以供遇到相同问题的人参考。
7发布自己的问题答案绝对是正确的做法。代表将来会找到这个答案的人，谢谢！ - Alex
1您也可以将此标记为解决方案。 - topher
4我不认为这是实际解决您问题的方法，因为您遇到错误的是一个amd64文件，而限制*为amd64*几乎不会使其消失。这是您对sources.list或其他相关配置所做的唯一更改吗？在进行此更改之前，您是否重新同步了镜像？ - muru
我同意@topher的观点。你应该将这个标记为解决方案。 - rockower
@muru 是的，这是我唯一做出的更改，并且在此之后没有出现任何错误。是的，我同意你的观点，它应该不能解决问题。那么，对于为什么它起作用有什么想法吗？另外，我注意到它试图搜索的路径（在错误中）是错误的 - 它应该在 http://192.168.12.61/ubuntu/dists/xenial/restricted/binary-amd64/Packages 中搜索，但它正在搜索 http://192.168.12.61/ubuntu/dists/xenial/dists/main/restricted/binary-amd64/Packages。为什么会这样呢？指定架构是如何解决这个问题的？ - Kristada673
我的看法是关于[amd-64]...假设，举个例子，在你的/etc/apt/sources.list文件中启用了谷歌浏览器的更新 deb [arch=amd64] http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main
你可以看到这是唯一一个带有[amd-64]的条目，并且它来自谷歌的源。
在你首次提到"deb http://192..."时，也许你的更新在到达sources.list中的chrome更新时停滞了，因为没有明确指出。
或者，查看sudo apt-cache policy，sources.list和sources.list.d
最终，我可能会冒险在自己的实验室中复制这个问题，然后再进一步回答。